Mucherechedzo wekuchengetedza simba rekutengesa

Simba rinovandudzwa chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa chenguva refu chekusarerekera kabhoni. Zvisineyi nekudzoreka kusanganiswa kwenyukireya, migodhi yemuchadenga, uye kukura kwakakura kwezviwanikwa zvehydropower izvo zvisina nzira yekutengeserana munguva pfupi, simba remhepo, uye simba rezuva ndizvo zvinonyanya kuvimbisa simba rinogonekazve. Zvakadaro, ivo vanoganhurirwa nemhepo uye chiedza zviwanikwa. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kuchava chikamu chakakosha chekushandiswa kwesimba mune ramangwana. Ichi chinyorwa uye zvinotevera zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira hombe-yekutengesa simba rekuchengetedza matekinoroji, kunyanya kutarisa pamakesi ekuita.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kukurumidza kuvakwa kwemasisitimu ekuchengetedza simba kwaita kuti mamwe data apfuura asisabatsire, senge "yakadzvanywa simba rekuchengetedza mweya iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri ine yakazara yakaiswa inokwana 440MW, uye mabhatiri esodium-sarufa ari pachinhanho chechitatu, ane huwandu hwesero. ye440 MW. 316MW "nezvimwewo, nhau yekuti Huawei yakasaina "guru" rekuchengetedza simba repasi rose ne 1300MWh inotyisa. Nekudaro, zvinoenderana nedata riripo, 1300MWh haisiriyo yakakosha kuchengetedza simba pasi rose. Iyo yepakati yakakura yekuchengetera simba purojekiti ndeyepombi yekuchengetedza. Pamatekinoroji ekuchengetedza simba remuviri sekuchengetedza simba remunyu, kana iri electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza, 1300MWh haisiriyo purojekiti yakakosha (inogona kunge iri nyaya yehuwandu hwehuwandu). Ikozvino kugona kweMoss Landing Energy Storage Center yasvika 1600MWh (kusanganisira 1200MWh muchikamu chechipiri, 400MWh muchikamu chechipiri). Zvakadaro, kupinda kwaHuawei kwakaratidza indasitiri yekuchengetedza simba pachikuva.

Parizvino, tekinoroji dzekutengesa uye dzinogona kuve dzekuchengetedza simba dzinogona kuiswa mumagetsi ekuchengetedza simba, kupisa kwesimba rekuchengetedza, magetsi ekuchengetedza simba, makemikari ekuchengetedza simba, uye electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza. Fizikisi nekemesitiri zvakangofanana, saka ngatizviise mumapoka maererano nekufunga kwevakatitangira panguva ino.

1. Mechanical simba rekuchengetedza / yekupisa yekuchengetera uye inotonhora kuchengetedza

Pumped storage:

Kune madhirimu maviri epamusoro neazasi, ekupomba mvura kuenda kudhamu repamusoro panguva yekuchengetera magetsi uye nekudhonza mvura kudhamu rezasi panguva yekugadzira magetsi. Tekinoroji yakakura. Pakupera kwa2020, huwandu hwepasi rose hwakaiswa hwepombi yekuchengetera huwandu hwaive 159 miriyoni kilowatts, inoverengera 94% yehuwandu hwesimba rekuchengetedza simba. Parizvino, nyika yangu yaisa kushanda kwe32.49 miriyoni kilowatts epombi yekuchengetedza magetsi; huwandu hwakazara hwepombi dzekuchengetera magetsi zviteshi zviri kuvakwa 55.13 miriyoni kilowatts. Chiyero chezvose zvakavakwa uye chiri pasi pekuvakwa chinotanga munyika. Simba rekuchengetedza magetsi chiteshi chemagetsi chakaiswa chinogona kusvika zviuru zveMW, magetsi epagore anogona kusvika akati wandei mabhiriyoni kWh, uye dema rekutanga kumhanya rinogona kunge riri pakurongeka kwemaminetsi mashoma. Parizvino, chiteshi chikuru chekuchengetera magetsi chiri kushanda muChina, Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station, ine simba rakaiswa 3.6 miriyoni kilowatts uye gore negore simba rekugadzira re6.6 bhiriyoni kWh (rinogona kutora 8.8 bhiriyoni kWh yesimba rakawandisa, nekubudirira kwe75%). Black kutanga nguva 3-5 maminitsi. Kunyangwe kuchengetwa kwepombi kunowanzo kutariswa kuve nekushata kwekusarudzwa kwesaiti, kutenderera kwenguva refu kwekudyara, uye kudyara kwakakosha, ichiri tekinoroji yakakura kwazvo, kushanda kwakachengeteka, uye nzira yakaderera yekuchengetera simba. Iyo National Energy Administration yakaburitsa Yepakati uye Yakareba-Yenguva Yekuvandudza Chirongwa chePumped Storage (2021-2035).

Pakazosvika 2025, huwandu hwese hwekugadzirwa kwepombi yekuchengetedza huchapfuura 62 miriyoni kilowatts; panosvika 2030, huwandu hwakazara hwekugadzira huchave hunosvika 120 miriyoni kilowatts; panosvika 2035, indasitiri yemazuva ano yekupomba yekuchengetedza iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro-chikamu uye hukuru-hukuru hukuru hwesimba idzva huchaumbwa.

Hebei Fengning Pumped Storage Power Station - Lower Reservoir

Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba remhepo yakadzvanywa:

Kana mutoro wemagetsi wakaderera, mhepo inomanikidzwa uye inochengetwa nemagetsi (inowanzobatwa mumapako emunyu pasi pevhu, mapako echisikigo, nezvimwewo). Kana kushandiswa kwemagetsi kuchikwira, mweya wepamusoro-soro unosunungurwa kuti utyaire jenareta kuti ibudise magetsi.

kuchengetedzwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa

Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba remhepo kwakadzvanywa kunowanzo kutorwa sechipiri chakanyatsokodzera tekinoroji yeGW-chiyero chikuru chekuchengetedza simba mushure mekupombi. Zvakadaro, inoganhurirwa neayo anoomesesa ekusarudza saiti mamiriro, yakakwira mari yekudyara, uye simba rekuchengetedza simba pane pombi yekuchengetedza. Yakaderera, kufambira mberi kwekutengeserana kwekudzvanywa kwesimba rekuchengetedza mweya kunononoka. Kusvika munaGunyana wegore rino (2021), purojekiti yekutanga yenyika yangu yakakura-yakamanikidzwa kuchengetedza simba remhepo - Jiangsu Jintan Salt Cave Compressed Air Energy Storage National Test Demonstration Project, ichangobatanidzwa kune grid. Iyo yakaiswa simba yechikamu chekutanga chepurojekiti i60MW, uye simba rekushandura simba rinenge 60%; chiyero chenguva refu chekuvaka cheprojekiti chichasvika 1000MW. Muna Gumiguru 2021, yekutanga 10 MW yepamberi yakadzvanywa yemhepo yekuchengetera simba system yakazvimiririra yakagadziridzwa nenyika yangu yakabatana kune grid muBijie, Guizhou. Inogona kutaura kuti mugwagwa wekutengesa we compact air energy kuchengetedza ichangotanga, asi ramangwana riri kuvimbisa.

Jintan yakadzvanya mweya yekuchengetedza simba reprojekiti.

Munyu wakanyunguduka simba rekuchengetedza:

Kunyungudutswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza munyu, kazhinji kusanganiswa nemagetsi ekupisa kwezuva, kunoisa chiedza chezuva uye kunochengeta kupisa mumunyu wakanyunguduka. Kana uchigadzira magetsi, kupisa kwemunyu kwakanyungudutswa kunoshandiswa kugadzira magetsi, uye mazhinji acho anoburitsa chiutsi kutyaira turbine jenareta.

yakanyungudutswa munyu kupisa kuchengetedza

Vakashevedzera Hi-Tech Dunhuang 100MW yakanyungudutswa munyu tower solar thermal power station muChina yakakura kwazvo solar power station. Chirongwa cheDelingha 135 MW CSP chine hombe yakaiswa simba chatanga kuvakwa. Nguva yayo yekuchengetedza simba inogona kusvika maawa gumi nerimwe. Mari yese yechirongwa ichi i11 bhiriyoni yuan. Yakarongerwa kuve yakabatana zviri pamutemo kune grid pamberi paGunyana 3.126, 30, uye inogona kugadzira angangoita 2022 miriyoni kWh yemagetsi gore rega.

Dunhuang CSP Chiteshi

Tekinoroji dzekuchengetedza simba remuviri dzinosanganisira flywheel simba rekuchengetedza, inotonhora yekuchengetedza simba rekuchengetedza, nezvimwe.

2. Magetsi ekuchengetedza simba:

Supercapacitor: Yakaganhurirwa nekudzikira kwayo simba density (tarisa pazasi) uye yakanyanyisa kuzviburitsa, parizvino inongoshandiswa muchikamu chidiki chekudzoreredza simba remotokari, pakarepo peak shaving, uye kuzadza mupata. Yakajairika maapplication iShanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port, uko 23 crane inokanganisa zvakanyanya grid yemagetsi. Kuti uderedze kukanganiswa kwemacranes pane gidhi remagetsi, 3MW/17.2KWh supercapacitor simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inoiswa seyadhiraivha sosi, iyo inogona kuramba ichipa 20s magetsi ekupa.

Superconducting simba rekuchengetedza: rakasiiwa

3. Electrochemical energy kuchengetedza:

Ichi chinyorwa chinoisa kutengeserana kwemagetsi emagetsi ekuchengetedza muzvikamu zvinotevera:

Lead-asidhi, lead-carbon mabhatiri

kuyerera bhatiri

Metal-ion mabhatiri, anosanganisira lithium-ion mabhatiri, sodium-ion mabhatiri, nezvimwe.

Rechargeable Metal-Sulfur/Oxygen/Air Batteries

mwe

Lead-acid uye lead-carbon mabhatiri: Seyakakura simba rekuchengetedza simba tekinoroji, lead-asidhi mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutanga mota, backup simba rekupa yekutaurirana base station magetsi emagetsi, nezvimwe. Mushure mePb negative electrode yelead-asidhi bhatiri yakasanganiswa nezvinhu zvekabhoni, iyo lead-carbon bhatiri inogona kunyatso kuvandudza dambudziko rekubuda. Sekureva kwe Tianneng's 2020 mushumo wepagore, iyo State Grid Zhicheng (Jinling Substation) 12MW/48MWh lead-carbon simba rekuchengetedza purojekiti yakapedzwa nekambani ndiyo yekutanga-hombe-yakakura-kabhoni yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi chemagetsi mudunhu reZhejiang uye kunyangwe nyika yese.

Flow bhatiri: Bhatiri rekuyerera rinowanzo kuve nemvura yakachengetwa mumudziyo inoyerera kuburikidza nemagetsi. Kuchaja uye kuburitsa kunopedzwa kuburikidza neion exchange membrane; tarisa mufananidzo uri pasi apa.

Kuyerera kwebhatiri schematic

Mukutungamira kweiyo inomiririra yakawanda-vanadium inoyerera bhatiri, iyo Guodian Longyuan, 5MW/10MWh chirongwa, chakapedzwa neDalian Institute of Chemical Physics uye Dalian Rongke Energy Storage, yaive yakanyanya kuwanda-yevanadium inoyerera bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system mu nyika panguva iyoyo, iyo parizvino iri kuvakwa Iyo yakakura-mwero yose-vanadium redox inoyerera bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza system inosvika 200MW/800MWh.

Metal-ion bhatiri: inokurumidza-kukura uye inonyanya kushandiswa electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza tekinoroji. Pakati pavo, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anowanzoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi, mabhatiri emagetsi, uye mamwe minda, uye kushandiswa kwavo mukuchengetedza simba kuri kuwedzerawo. Kusanganisira mapurojekiti apfuura eHuawei ari kuvakwa anoshandisa lithium-ion bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba, yakakura kwazvo lithium-ion bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba purojekiti yakavakwa kusvika parizvino ndiyo Moss Landing yekuchengetera magetsi chiteshi inosanganisira Phase I 300MW/1200MWh uye Phase II 100MW/400MWh, a huwandu hwe400MW/1600MWh.

Lithium-Ion Bhatiri

Nekuda kwekudzikiswa kweiyo lithium kugadzirwa kwesimba uye mutengo, kutsiva sodium ions ine simba shoma asi yakawanda inochengeterwa inotarisirwa kudzikisa mutengo yave nzira yekuvandudza yelithium-ion mabhatiri. Nheyo yayo uye yekutanga zvinhu zvakafanana ne lithium-ion mabhatiri, asi haisati yave maindasitiri pamwero mukuru. , iyo sodium-ion bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system yakaiswa mukushanda mumishumo iripo yakangoona chiyero che1MWh.

Aluminium-ion mabhatiri ane hunhu hwepamusoro theoretical kugona uye akawanda matura. Iri zvakare danho rekutsvagisa rekutsiva lithium-ion mabhatiri, asi hapana nzira yakajeka yekutengesa. Imwe kambani yekuIndia yave nemukurumbira nguva pfupi yadarika yakazivisa kuti ichatengesa kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri ealuminium-ion gore rinouya uye ichavaka 10MW yekuchengetera simba unit. Ngatimirirei tione.

mira uone

Rechargeable metal-sarufa / okisijeni / mabhatiri emhepo: kusanganisira lithium-sulfur, lithium-oxygen / air, sodium-sulfur, rechargeable aluminium-air mabhatiri, nezvimwewo, ane simba rakakwirira kupfuura mabhatiri eion. Iye zvino mumiriri wekutengesa ndeye sodium-sarufa mabhatiri. NGK parizvino ndiyo inotungamira mutengesi wesodium-sarufa bhatiri masisitimu. Chiyero chikuru chakaiswa mukushanda i108MW/648MWh sodium-sarufa bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba system muUnited Arab Emirates.

4. Chemikari simba rekuchengetedza: Makumi emakore apfuura, Schrödinger akanyora kuti hupenyu hunoenderana nekuwana isina kunaka entropy. Asi kana iwe usingavimbi nesimba rekunze, entropy ichawedzera, saka hupenyu hunofanira kutora simba. Upenyu hunowana nzira yahwo, uye kuchengetedza simba, zvirimwa zvinoshandura simba rezuva kuita kemikari simba muzvinhu zvinorarama kuburikidza nephotosynthesis. Chemikari simba rekuchengetedza rave sarudzo yechisikigo kubva pakutanga. Kemikari simba rekuchengetedza yanga iri nzira yakasimba yekuchengetedza simba revanhu kubva paYakagadzira mavolts mumatura emagetsi. Zvakadaro, kushandiswa kwekutengeserana kwehukuru-hukuru hwekuchengetedza simba kuchangotanga.

Kuchengetedzwa kweHydrogen, methanol, nezvimwewo: Simba reHydrogen rine mabhenefiti epamusoro esimba guru, hutsanana, nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye inoonekwa zvakanyanya seyakanakira simba sosi mune ramangwana. Nzira yekugadzira hydrogen → hydrogen kuchengetedza → fuel cell yatove munzira. Parizvino, anopfuura zana hydrogen refueling zviteshi zvakavakwa munyika yangu, zviri pakati pepamusoro-soro pasi rose, kusanganisira chiteshi chikuru chepasi rose chehydrogen mafuta muBeijing. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekugumira kweiyo hydrogen kuchengetedza tekinoroji uye njodzi yekuputika kwehydrogen, isina kunanga hydrogen chengetedzo inomiririrwa nemethanol inogona zvakare kuve nzira yakakosha yenguva yemberi simba, senge "mvura yezuva" tekinoroji yechikwata chaLi Can paDalian Institute. yeChemistry, Chinese Academy yeSainzi.

Metal-air primary mabhatiri: anomiririrwa nealuminium-air mabhatiri ane high theoretical simba density, asi pane kufambira mberi mukutengesa. Phinergy, kambani inomiririra inotaurwa mumishumo yakawanda, yakashandisa mabhatiri e-aluminium-air kumotokari dzayo. Chiuru chemamaira, mhinduro inotungamira mukuchengetedza simba ndeye rechargeable zinc-air mabhatiri.