John Goodenough: Nobel Laureate uye Pioneer weLithium Battery Technology

John Goodenough, uyo akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel pazera remakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe, uchapupu hweshoko rekuti “Goodenough” – chokwadi, anga achipfuura “kungokwana” mukuumba zvese zviri zviviri hupenyu hwake uye magumo evanhu.

Akaberekwa musi waJuly 25, 1922, muUnited States, Goodenough akasurukirwa. Kutyisidzirwa kwekurambana pakati pevabereki vake nemukoma mukuru akabatikana nehupenyu hwake kwakaita kuti Goodenough agare achiwana nyaradzo ari ega, aine imbwa yake chete, Mack, yekambani. Achinetseka nedyslexia, kuita kwake mudzidzo kwakange kusiri kwehunyanzvi. Zvisinei, rudo rwake rwechisikigo, rwakakura panguva yekudzungaira kwake musango, kubata butterflies nevhu, kwakasimudzira chido chekuongorora nekunzwisisa zvakavanzika zvechisikigo.

Achishaya rudo rwaamai uye akatarisana nekurambana kwevabereki vake mumakore ake akakosha echikoro chesekondari, Goodenough aive akatsunga kuita zvakanaka mudzidzo. Zvisinei nekuomerwa kwemari uye kuita basa renguva pfupi kuti awane mari yechikoro paYale University, akashingirira mumakore ake epasikiriyiti, asi asina kujeka pakudzidza.

Hupenyu hwaGoodenough hwakachinja paakashanda muUS Air Force munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, akazochinja kuti aite zviroto zvake zvesainzi paYunivhesiti yeChicago. Zvisinei nekukahadzika kwekutanga kubva kumapurofesa ake nekuda kwezera rake, Goodenough haana kudzorwa. Zvidzidzo zvake zvehudhigirii mufizikisi paChicago University uye nekugara kwemakore makumi maviri nemana paMIT's Lincoln Laboratory, kwaakaongorora kufamba kwelithium-ion mune yakasimba uye tsvakiridzo yehwaro mune yakasimba-nyika ceramics, akaisa hwaro hwezvaachaita mune ramangwana.

Yakanga iri dambudziko remafuta ra1973 iro rakasimudzira kutarisa kwaGoodenough kukuchengetedza simba. Muna 1976, pakati pekuderedzwa kwebhajeti, akatamira kuYunivhesiti yeOxford's Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, achicherechedza kuchinja kukuru mubasa rake pazera remakore 54. Pano, akatanga basa rake guru remabhatiri e lithium.

Tsvagiridzo yaGoodenough mukupera kwema1970, nguva apo zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvaive zvakakurumbira, zvaive zvakakosha. Akagadzira bhatiri itsva yelithium achishandisa lithium cobalt oxide uye graphite, iyo yakanga yakawanda, ine simba rakakwirira, uye yakanga yakachengeteka kudarika shanduro dzakapfuura. Ichi chigadzirwa chakashandura tekinoroji yebhatiri ye-lithium-ion, kuderedza mutengo uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa, kunyangwe asina kumbowana purofiti yemari kubva kuindasitiri iyi yemabhiriyoni emadhora.

Muna 1986, achidzokera kuUS, Goodenough akaenderera mberi netsvakiridzo yake paYunivhesiti yeTexas kuAustin. Muna 1997, pa75, akawana lithium iron phosphate, yakachipa uye yakachengeteka cathode zvinhu, ichienderera mberi ichifambisira mberi tekinoroji yemagetsi. Kunyangwe pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe, akaisa pfungwa yake kumabhatiri ehurumende, achiratidza kudzidza kweupenyu hwese uye kutsvaga.

Pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemanomwe, paakagamuchira Mubairo weNobel, kwanga kusiri kupera kwaGoodenough. Anoenderera mberi nekushanda, achivavarira kugadzira bhatiri repamusoro rekuchengeta simba rezuva nemhepo. Chiono chake ndechekuona nyika isina kuburitswa kwemotokari, chiroto chaanotarisira kuzadzisa muhupenyu hwake.

Hwendo hwehupenyu hwaJohn Goodenough, hunoratidzwa nekudzidza kusingaperi uye kukunda matambudziko, hunoratidza kuti hazvina kunonoka kuwana hukuru. Nyaya yake inoenderera mberi apo anoramba achitsvaga ruzivo uye hutsva.