Solid-state mabhatiri: iyo inotevera-chizvarwa bhatiri nzira

Solid-state mabhatiri: iyo inotevera-chizvarwa bhatiri nzira

Musi waChivabvu 14, maererano ne "The Korea Times" nemamwe mishumo yenhau, Samsung inoronga kushandira pamwe neHyundai kugadzira mota dzemagetsi uye kupa mabhatiri emagetsi uye mamwe akabatanidzwa emota mota dzeHyundai dzemagetsi mota. Vezvenhau vanofanotaura kuti Samsung neHyundai vachakurumidza kusaina memorandamu isingabatanidzi yekunzwisisa pakupihwa kwebhatiri. Zvinonzi Samsung yakaunza bhatiri rayo razvino rakasimba-state kuHyundai.

Sekureva kweSamsung, kana bhatiri reiyo prototype razara, inogona kubvumira mota yemagetsi kutyaira anopfuura makiromita mazana masere panguva, ine hupenyu hwebhatiri kutenderera kanopfuura ka800. Huwandu hwayo i1,000% idiki pane lithium-ion bhatiri yehukuru hwakafanana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mabhatiri ehurumende anoonekwa seanonyanya kukodzera mabhatiri emagetsi emotokari dzemagetsi mumakore gumi anotevera.

Mukutanga kwaKurume 2020, Samsung Institute for Advanced Study (SAIT) uye Samsung Research Center yeJapan (SRJ) yakaburitsa "High-energy refu-cycling all-solid-state lithium metal mabhatiri anogoneswa nesirivheri" mu "Nature Energy" magazini. -Carbon composite anodes" yakaunza budiriro yavo yazvino mumunda wemabhatiri ehurumende.

Iri bhatiri rinoshandisa yakasimba electrolyte, isingabatike pakupisa kwakanyanya uye inogona zvakare kutadzisa kukura kwe lithium dendrites kudzivirira kubaya mapfupi maseketi. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandisa silver-carbon (Ag-C) composite layer seanode, iyo inogona kuwedzera simba remagetsi kusvika pa900Wh/L, ine hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera hunopfuura 1000 cycles, uye yakanyanya kukwirira coulombic kunyatsoshanda (charge uye kubuda zvakanaka) kwe99.8%. Inogona kutyaira bhatiri mushure mekubhadhara kamwe chete. Motokari yakafamba makiromita 800.

Nekudaro, iyo SAIT uye SRJ yakaburitsa bepa masangano ekutsvagisa sainzi kwete Samsung SDI, iyo inotarisa pane tekinoroji. Chinyorwa chinongojekesa misimboti, chimiro, nemashandiro ebhatiri idzva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti bhatiri richiri murabhoritari nhanho uye zvichanetsa kuburitsa-zhinji munguva pfupi.

Musiyano uripo pakati peakasimba-nyika mabhatiri uye echinyakare emvura mabhatiri e-lithium-ion ndewekuti maelectrolyte akasimba anoshandiswa pachinzvimbo che electrolytes uye separators. Hazvina kudikanwa kushandisa lithium-intercalated graphite anodes. Pane kudaro, simbi lithium inoshandiswa seanode, iyo inoderedza huwandu hweanode zvinhu. Mabhatiri emagetsi ane simba repamusoro remuviri (> 350Wh/kg) uye hupenyu hurefu (> 5000 cycles), pamwe chete nemabasa anokosha (akadai sekushandura) nezvimwe zvinodiwa.

Iyo itsva system mabhatiri anosanganisira akasimba-state mabhatiri, lithium inoyerera mabhatiri, uye simbi-mhepo mabhatiri. Iwo matatu akasimba-state mabhatiri ane zvawo zvakanakira. Mapolymer electrolytes ari organic electrolytes, uye oxides nemasarufidhi inorganic ceramic electrolytes.

Tichitarisa kumakambani epasi rose akasimba-mabhatiri, kune ekutanga-up, uye kune zvakare vagadziri vepasirese. Iwo makambani ari ega mu electrolyte system ane zvitendero zvakasiyana, uye hapana maitiro ekuyerera tekinoroji kana kubatanidzwa. Parizvino, dzimwe nzira dzehunyanzvi dziri padyo nemamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye nzira inoenda kune otomatiki yemabhatiri ehurumende yave kuenderera mberi.

Makambani eEurope neAmerica anofarira mapolymer uye oxide masisitimu. Kambani yeFrance Bolloré yakatungamira mukutengesa mabhatiri epolymer-based solid-state. Muna Zvita 2011, mota dzayo dzemagetsi dzinofambiswa ne30kwh solid-state polymer mabhatiri + emagetsi maviri-layer capacitors akapinda mumusika wemotokari wakagovaniswa, yaive nguva yekutanga pasirese. Mabhatiri ezvekutengesa akasimba eEVs.

Sakti3, yakaonda-firimu oxide solid-state bhatiri inogadzira, yakawanikwa neBritish home appliant giant Dyson muna 2015. Iri pasi pemutengo wekugadzira firimu yakaonda uye kuoma kwekugadzirwa kwakakura, uye hakuna kumbove nekuwanda. chigadzirwa chekugadzira kwenguva yakareba.

Hurongwa hwaMaxwell hwemabhatiri ehurumende akasimba ndehwekupinda mumusika mudiki webhatiri kutanga, kuagadzira akawanda muna 2020, uye oashandisa mumunda wekuchengetedza simba muna 2022. Nekuda kwekukurumidza kushandiswa kwekutengeserana, Maxwell angatanga kufunga nezvekuyedza semi- mabhatiri akasimba munguva pfupi. Zvakadaro, semi-solid mabhatiri anodhura uye anonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinodiwa, zvichiita kuti maapuro makuru akaoma.

Zvisiri-mutete-firimu oxide zvigadzirwa zvine yakanakisa kuita kwese uye parizvino zvakakurumbira mukusimudzira. Vese Taiwan Huineng naJiangsu Qingdao vatambi vanozivikanwa pane iyi track.

Makambani eJapan neKorea akazvipira zvakanyanya kugadzirisa matambudziko ekumaindasitiri eiyo sulfide system. Makambani anomiririra akadai seToyota neSamsung akawedzera kutumirwa kwavo. Sulfide solid-state mabhatiri (lithium-sarufa mabhatiri) ane hukuru hukuru hwekusimudzira nekuda kwekuwanda kwesimba uye mutengo wakaderera. Pakati pavo, teknolojia yeToyota ndiyo inonyanya kufambira mberi. Yakaburitsa ampere-level Demo mabhatiri uye electrochemical performance. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vakashandisawo LGPS ine yakakwirira kamuri tembiricha conductivity se electrolyte kugadzirira hombe bhatiri paki.

Japan yakatanga chirongwa chenyika yose chekutsvagisa nekusimudzira. Mubatanidzwa unonyanya kuvimbisa iToyota nePanasonic (Toyota ine mainjiniya anoda kusvika mazana matatu anobatanidzwa mukugadzira mabhatiri ehurumende). Yakati ichatengesa mabhatiri ehurumende mukati memakore mashanu.

Urongwa hwekutengeserana hwemabhatiri ehurumende-akasimba akagadzirwa neToyota neNEDO inotanga nekugadzira mabhatiri akasimba-akasimba (mabhatiri echizvarwa chekutanga) achishandisa LIB iripo uye zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Mushure meizvozvo, Ichashandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka kuti iwedzere simba remagetsi (mabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera). Toyota inotarisirwa kubudisa prototypes yemotokari dzemagetsi dzakasimba muna 2022, uye Ichashandisa mabhatiri ehurumende mune mamwe mamodheru muna 2025. Muna 2030, simba remagetsi rinogona kusvika 500Wh / kg kuti riwane kushandiswa kwekugadzirwa kwehuwandu.

Kubva pamaonero ezvibvumirano, pakati pepamusoro pe20 vakakumbira mabhatiri e-lithium yakasimba, makambani eJapan akaverengera 11. Toyota yakanyorera zvakanyanya, inosvika 1,709, 2.2 nguva yePanasonic yechipiri. Makambani gumi epamusoro ese maJapan neSouth Korea, anosanganisira masere muJapan uye maviri muSouth Korea.

Kubva pamaonero epatentes's global patent layout, Japan, United States, China, South Korea, neEurope ndidzo nyika kana matunhu akakosha. Pamusoro pezvikumbiro zvemuno, Toyota ine nhamba yakakosha yezvikumbiro muUnited States neChina, inoverengera 14.7% uye 12.9% yehuwandu hwekunyorera patent, zvichiteerana.

Iko indasitiri yemabhatiri akasimba munyika yangu zvakare iri pasi pekuongororwa nguva dzose. Zvinoenderana neChina tekinoroji nzira chirongwa, muna 2020, Ichaita zvishoma nezvishoma yakasimba electrolyte, yakakwirira chaiyo simba cathode material synthesis, uye matatu-dimensional chimiro chimiro lithium alloy kuvaka tekinoroji. Ichaziva 300Wh/kg diki-inokwana imwe bhatiri sampuli kugadzira. Muna 2025, solid-state bhatiri interface yekudzora tekinoroji inozoona 400Wh/kg hombe-inokwana bhatiri sampuli uye tekinoroji yeboka. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mabhatiri e-solid-state uye mabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa anogona kugadzirwa uye kusimudzirwa muna 2030.

Mabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera muIPO fundraising project yeCATL anosanganisira akasimba-state mabhatiri. Sekureva kweNE Times mishumo, CATL inotarisira kuwana kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemabhatiri ehurumende panosvika 2025.

Pazere, iyo polymer system tekinoroji ndiyo yakanyanya kukura, uye yekutanga EV-level chigadzirwa chinozvarwa. Chimiro chayo chekufungidzira uye chekumberi chakakonzera kukurumidza kwekudyara mukutsvaga nekusimudzira nevanonoka, asi muganho wepamusoro wekuita unorambidza kukura, uye kusanganisa neinorganic solid solid electrolytes ichava mhinduro inogoneka mune ramangwana; oxidation; Muhurongwa hwezvinhu, kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakatetepa-mafirimu anotarisana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu uye kugadzirwa kwakakura, uye kushanda kwese kwemhando dzisiri dzemafirimu zviri nani, iyo inotarisisa yezvino tsvagiridzo nekusimudzira; sulfide system ndiyo inonyanya kuvimbisa yakasimba-state bhatiri system mumunda wemotokari dzemagetsi, Asi mune polarized mamiriro ane nzvimbo yakakura yekukura uye immature tekinoroji, kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedza uye interface nyaya ndiyo inotariswa mune ramangwana.

Matambudziko anosanganikwa nawo neakasimba-state mabhatiri anonyanya kusanganisira:

• Kuderedza mari.
• Kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwema electrolytes akasimba.
• Kuchengetedza kusangana pakati pema electrode uye electrolytes panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa.

Lithium-sarufa mabhatiri, lithium-mhepo, uye mamwe masisitimu anofanirwa kutsiva iyo yese bhatiri chimiro furemu, uye kune akawanda uye akakosha matambudziko. Iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode yemabhatiri ehurumende yakasimba inogona kuramba ichishandisa hurongwa huripo, uye kuoma kwekuziva kunenge kuduku. Sechizvarwa chinotevera bhatiri tekinoroji, yakasimba-nyika mabhatiri ane kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye kusimba kwesimba uye inozova iyo yega nzira munguva yepost-lithium.