Chii chinonzi flexible solid state mabhatiri?

Boka revasayendisiti vepasirese vakagadzira mhando nyowani yakasimba-state bhatiri iyo inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi uye kudzivirira moto mumalaptops uye smartphones. Vanyori vanotsanangura zvavakawana mu Advanced Energy Materials. Nekutsiva maelectrolyte emvura anoshandiswa mumabhatiri akajairika ane 'solid', ceramic ndivo vanokwanisa kugadzira mabhatiri akasimba, anogara kwenguva refu ayo zvakare akachengeteka kushandiswa. Vatsvagiri vanotarisira kuti mabhenefiti aya anogona kugadzira nzira yekuwedzera kushanda, mabhatiri akasvibira kune ese marudzi emidziyo kusanganisira mota dzemagetsi.

Vanyori vekudzidza, kubva kuUS neUK, vanga vachitsvaga dzimwe nzira dzemvura electrolytes mumabhatiri e-lithium ion kwenguva yakati. Muna 2016 vakazivisa kugadzirwa kwebhatiri renyika rakasimba iro rinogona kushanda zvakapetwa kaviri vhoriyamu yemasero e-lithium ion akajairwa, asi nekushanda kwakafanana.

Nepo dhizaini yavo yazvino inomiririra kuvandudzwa kwakakosha pane iyi yekutanga vhezheni, muongorori Purofesa Donald Sadoway anobva kuMIT anoti pachine nzvimbo yekuvandudza: "Kuwana yakakwira ionic conductivity mumidziyo yeceramic pane tembiricha yakakwira inogona kuoma," akatsanangura. "Ichi chaive budiriro yebudiriro." Vatsvagiri vanotarisira kuti mushure mekuyedza mabhatiri akavandudzwa aya anozoratidza kuti akakodzera mota dzemagetsi kana kutofambisa ndege.

Mumamiriro akasimba mabhatiri kukuvadzwa nekuda kwekupisa kunodzivirirwa nekushandisa ceramic electrolytes pane kupisa, mvura. Kana bhatiri rikakuvadzwa uye rotanga kupisa machuru eceramic electrolyte pane kupisa, izvo zvinodzivirira kuti isabate moto. Mapores ari muchimiro chezviya zvakasimba izvi anoitawo kuti akwanise kutakura mutoro wakakwirira zvikuru wechaji yemagetsi nemaioni achifamba nemunetiweki yakatambanudzwa mukati meiyo yakasimba.

Aya maficha anoreva kuti masayendisiti akakwanisa kusimudza magetsi uye capacitance yemabhatiri avo zvichienzaniswa neaya ane mvura inopfuta maelectrolyte. Kutaura idi, akadaro Purofesa Sadoway: “Takaratidza sero re<em>lithium-air rine 12 volts rinoshanda pa90 degrees C [194°F]. Iyo yakakwirira kupfuura yakaitwa nomunhu upi noupi.”

Iyi dhizaini nyowani yebhatiri ine zvimwe zvakanakira pamusoro peanopfuta maelectrolyte, kusanganisira chokwadi chekuti ceramic electrolytes inowanzogadzikana kupfuura organic. "Chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti yakashanda sei," akadaro Muzvinafundo Sadoway. "Takawana simba rakawanda kubva muchitokisi ichi kupfuura zvatakaisa mariri."

Kugadzikana uku kunogona kubvumira vagadziri kurongedza huwandu hukuru hwemasero akasimba mumalaptops kana mota dzemagetsi pasina kunetsekana nekupisa, kuita kuti michina ive yakachengeteka uye kurebesa hupenyu hwavo hwekushanda. Parizvino, kana marudzi aya emabhatiri achipisa anomhanyisa njodzi yekubata moto - sezvakamboitika neSamsung Galaxy Note 7 foni. Marimi anozobuda aizotadza kupararira nekuti hapana mweya mukati memasero kuti urambe uchibvira; zvirokwazvo, vaisazokwanisa kupararira kupfuura nzvimbo yekukuvara kwekutanga.

Izvi zvinhu zvakasimba zvakare zvinogara kwenguva refu; zvakasiyana, kumwe kuedza kugadzira lithium ion mabhatiri ane chinopisa mvura electrolytes, iyo inoshanda pakudziya kwepamusoro (kupfuura 100 ° C) inogara ichibata moto mushure me500 kana 600 cycles. Iyo ceramic electrolytes inogona kumira kupfuura 7500 kuchaja / kuburitsa ma cycle pasina kubata moto."

Izvo zvitsva zvinowanikwa zvinogona kuve zvakakosha kune ese ari maviri kuwedzera huwandu hweEVs uye kudzivirira moto we smartphone. Maererano naSadoway: "Zvizvarwa zvekare zvemabhatiri zvaiva nelead acid [motokari] mabhatiri ekutanga. Vaiva nekanguva kapfupi asi vakanga vakavimbika zvinoshamisa, "akadaro achiwedzera kuti utera hwavo husingatarisirwi hwakanga huri hwokuti "kana yapisa kupfuura inenge 60 ° C ipapo. yaizobata moto."

Nhasi mabhatiri e-lithium ion, anotsanangura, idanho kubva pane izvi. "Dzine hurefu hwakareba asi dzinogona kukuvadzwa nekupisa kwakanyanya uye kubata moto," akadaro achiwedzera kuti bhatiri idzva rakasimba rinogona kunge riri "budiriro yakakosha" nekuti inogona kutungamira kune zvakanyanya kuvimbika, zvishandiso zvakachengeteka.

Masayendisiti epaMIT anofunga kuti tekinoroji iyi inogona kutora makore mashanu kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya asi kunyangwe kutanga gore rinouya vanotarisira kuona marudzi aya emabhatiri akaiswa mumafoni kubva kune vagadziri vakuru vakaita seSamsung kana Apple. Vacherekedzawo kuti kune akawanda mashandisirwo ekutengesa kwemasero aya kunze kwemafoni, anosanganisira malaptop nemotokari dzemagetsi.

Nekudaro Muzvinafundo Sadoway anoyambira kuti pachine imwe nzira yekuenda iyo tekinoroji isati yaitwa. "Tine sero rinotaridzika rakanaka chaizvo asi mazuva ekutanga ... Hatisati tagadzira maseru ane hukuru hukuru, maelectrodes emagetsi epamusoro."

Sadoway anotenda kuti budiriro iyi ichagamuchirwa zvakanyanya nekukasira nekuti ine mukana kwete kungopisa maEV ane huwandu hwakakura asi zvakare inogona kudzivirira moto we smartphone. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kushamisa kufanotaura kwake kuti mabhatiri ehurumende akasimba anogona kushandiswa pasi rose mumakore asingasviki mashanu kana vagadziri vazhinji vachinge vagutsikana nezvekuchengetedzwa kwavo uye kuvimbika.