Mhando yebhatiri uye huwandu hwebhatiri

tanga

Bhatiri inzvimbo inogadzira ikozvino mukapu, gaba, kana chimwe chigaba kana chigaba chakaumbwa chine mhinduro ye electrolyte uye maelectrodes esimbi. Muchidimbu, chigadziri chinogona kushandura simba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi. Iine electrode yakanaka uye electrode yakaipa. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, mabhatiri anozivikanwa zvakanyanya semidziyo midiki inogadzira simba remagetsi, senge masero ezuva. Iwo tekinoroji paramita yebhatiri anonyanya kusanganisira electromotive simba, kugona, chaiyo poindi, uye kuramba. Kushandisa bhatiri sechinhu chinopa simba kunogona kuwana ikozvino ine voltage yakagadzikana, yakagadzikana ikozvino, yenguva refu yakagadzikana magetsi, uye yakaderera kunze pesvedzero. Bhatiri rine chimiro chakareruka, kutakura kuri nyore, kuchaja kuri nyore, uye kuburitsa mashandiro uye harikanganisi nemamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha. Iine kushanda kwakagadzikana uye kwakavimbika uye inoita basa guru mune zvose zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano hwemagariro evanhu.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri

gutsikana

tanga

1. Nhoroondo yebhatiri
2. Kushanda nheyo

Tatu, process parameters

3.1 Simba remagetsi

3.2 Yakayerwa kugona

3.3 Yakatemerwa voltage

3.4 Vhura dunhu remagetsi

3.5 Kupikisa kwemukati

3.6 Impedans

3.7 Kuchaja uye kuburitsa mwero

3.8 Hupenyu hwebasa

3.9 Self-discharge rate

Chechina, rudzi rwebhatiri

4.1 Saizi yebhatiri runyorwa

4.2 Battery Standard

4.3 Chawo bhatiri

shanu, chirevo

5.1 National Standard

5.2 Battery common sense

5.3 Kusarudzwa kwebhatiri

5.4 Kudzokorodza bhatiri

1. Nhoroondo yebhatiri

Muna 1746, Mason Brock weLeiden University kuNetherlands akagadzira "Leiden Jar" kuti itore mari yemagetsi. Akaona magetsi akaoma kubata asi akakurumidza kunyangarika mumhepo. Aida kutsvaga nzira yekuchengetedza magetsi. Rimwe zuva akabata mugomo wakarembera mudenga, wakabatanidzwa nemotor nebucket, ndokubudisa waya yemhangura mubhaketi ndokuinyika mubhodhoro regirazi rakanga rakazara nemvura. Mubatsiri wake aive nebhodhoro regirazi muruoko rwake, uye Mason Bullock akazunza mota parutivi. Panguva iyi, mubatsiri wake akabata dhiramu netsaona uye akaerekana anzwa kubatwa nemagetsi kwakasimba achibva adanidzira. Mason Bullock akabva ataurirana nemubatsiri ndokukumbira mubatsiri kuti azununguse mota. Panguva imwecheteyo akabata bhodhoro remvura nerumwe ruoko ndokubata pfuti nerumwe. Bhatiri richiri muchikamu che embryonic, Leiden Jarre.

Muna 1780, nyanzvi yekuItaly yeanatomist Luigi Gallini akabata chidya chedatya netsaona akabata zviridzwa zvesimbi zvakasiyana mumawoko maviri achitsemura datya. Mamhasuru emakumbo egudo akabva aita kugwinha gwinha kunge munhu avhundutswa nemagetsi. Kana ukangobata datya nechiridzwa chesimbi, hapazovi nekuita kwakadaro. Greene anotenda kuti chiitiko ichi chinoitika nokuti magetsi anobudiswa mumutumbi wemhuka, unonzi "bioelectricity."

Kuwanikwa kwevaviri vakaroorana kwakamutsa kufarira kukuru kwenyanzvi dzefizikisi, dzakamhanya kudzokorora kuedza kwematatya kutsvaga nzira yekugadzira magetsi. Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuItaly Walter akati mushure mekuedza kwakawanda: pfungwa ye "bioelectricity" haina kururama. Tsandanyama dzematatya dzinogona kugadzira magetsi dzinogona kunge dziri nekuda kwemvura. Volt akanyudza zvidimbu zviviri zvesimbi mune dzimwe mhinduro kuratidza pfungwa yake.

Muna 1799, Volt akanyudza ndiro ye zinc nerata mumvura ine munyu ndokuwana mvura yaiyerera nemuwaya dzinobatanidza simbi mbiri idzi. Nokudaro, akaisa jira rakawanda rakapfava kana bepa rakanyoroveswa mumvura yemunyu pakati pezingi nesirivha flakes. Paakabata mativi ese nemaoko ake, akanzwa kugwinha gwinha kwemagetsi. Zvinoitika kuti chero bedzi imwe yemarata maviri esimbi inobata chemikemikari nemhinduro, Ichaita kuti magetsi avepo pakati pemahwendefa esimbi.

Nenzira iyi, Volt yakabudirira kugadzira bhatiri rekutanga repasi, "Volt Stack," inova nhevedzano-yakabatana bhatiri paki. Yakave iyo sosi yemagetsi ekutanga magetsi ekuyedza uye telegraph.

Muna 1836, Daniel weEngland akavandudza "Volt Reactor." Akashandisa dilute sulfuric acid se electrolyte kugadzirisa dambudziko repolarization yebhatiri uye akagadzira yekutanga isina-polarized zinc-copper bhatiri inogona kuchengetedza yazvino. Asi mabhatiri aya ane dambudziko; voltage inodonha nekufamba kwenguva.

Kana bhatiri voltage inodonha mushure menguva yekushandiswa, Inogona kupa reverse ikozvino kuwedzera bhatiri voltage. Nekuti Inokwanisa kuchaja bhatiri iri, Inogona kuishandisa zvakare.

Muna 1860, murume wechiFrench George Leclanche akagadzirawo rakatangira bhatiri (carbon-zinc battery), rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika. Iyo electrode inosanganiswa electrode ye volts uye zinc ye electrode yakaipa. Iyo electrode yakaipa inosanganiswa ne zinc electrode, uye kabhoni tsvimbo inopinzwa mumusanganiswa semuunganidzi wezvino. Ose maelectrodes anonyudzwa muammonium chloride (semhinduro ye electrolytic). Iyi ndiyo inonzi "wet battery." Iri bhatiri rakachipa uye rakananga, saka harina kutsiviwa ne "mabhatiri akaomeswa" kusvika 1880. Iyo yakaipa electrode inoshandurwa kuita zinc can (battery casing), uye electrolyte inova paste panzvimbo yemvura. Iri ndiro carbon-zinc bhatiri ratinoshandisa nhasi.

Muna 1887, British Helson yakagadzira bhatiri rekutanga rakaoma. Dry bhatiri electrolyte inonamira-yakafanana, haibvi, uye iri nyore kutakura, saka yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya.

Muna 1890, Thomas Edison akagadzira rechargeable iron-nickel bhatiri.

2. Kushanda nheyo

Mubhatiri rekemikari, kushandurwa kwesimba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi kunobva mukuitika kwekemikari kunongoerekana kwaitika senge redox mukati mebhatiri. Kuita uku kunoitwa pama electrode maviri. Iyo inokuvadza electrode inoshanda zvinhu inosanganisira simbi inoshanda senge zinc, cadmium, lead, uye hydrogen kana hydrocarbon. Iyo yakanaka electrode inoshanda zvinhu inosanganisira manganese dioxide, lead dioxide, nickel oxide, mamwe simbi oxides, okisijeni kana mhepo, halogens, munyu, oxyacids, munyu, nezvimwewo. Iyo electrolyte chinhu chine yakanaka ion conductivity, senge aqueous solution ye acid, alkali, munyu, organic kana inorganic isiri-aqueous solution, yakanyungudutswa munyu, kana yakasimba electrolyte.

Kana dunhu rekunze rakadzimwa, pane mutsauko ungangoita (yakavhurika yedunhu voltage). Zvakadaro, hapana ikozvino, uye Haikwanise kushandura kemikari simba rakachengetwa mubhatiri kuita simba remagetsi. Kana dunhu rekunze rakavharwa, nekuti hapana maerekitironi akasununguka mu electrolyte, pasi pechiito chekugona kusiyana pakati pema electrode maviri, ikozvino inoyerera kuburikidza nekunze redunhu. Inoyerera mukati mebhatiri panguva imwe chete. Iyo yekuchaja yekufambisa inoperekedzwa neiyo bipolar inoshanda zvinhu uye iyo electrolyte - iyo oxidation kana kudzikisira maitiro pane iyo interface uye kutama kweanopokana uye maitiro ezvigadzirwa. Kutama kwemaion kunozadzisa kufambiswa kwechaji mu electrolyte.

Iyo yakajairwa kuchaja yekufambisa uye nzira yekufambisa yakawanda mukati mebhatiri yakakosha pakuona kuburitswa kwesimba remagetsi. Panguva yekuchaja, iyo kutungamira kwemukati simba rekufambisa uye nzira yekufambisa yakawanda inopesana nekuburitsa. Iyo electrode reaction inofanirwa kudzoserwa kumashure kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chiyero uye misa yekufambisa maitiro inopesana. Naizvozvo, reversible electrode reaction inodiwa pakugadzira bhatiri. Kana iyo electrode ikapfuura iyo yakaenzana inogona, iyo electrode ichaita kutsauka. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi polarization. Iyo yakakura density yemazuva ano (ikozvino ichipfuura nepakati penzvimbo ye electrode), iyo yakawanda polarization, inova chimwe chezvikonzero zvakakosha zvekurasikirwa kwesimba rebhatiri.

Zvikonzero zvepolarization: Cherechedza

① Iyo polarization inokonzerwa nekupokana kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhatiri inonzi ohmic polarization.

② Iyo polarization inokonzerwa nekudzivirirwa kwecharge transfer process pa electrode-electrolyte interface layer inonzi activation polarization.

③ Iyo polarization inokonzerwa neinononoka misa yekufambisa maitiro mu electrode-electrolyte interface layer inonzi concentration polarization. Nzira yekudzikisa iyi polarization ndeyekuwedzera iyo electrode reaction area, kuderedza density iripo, kuwedzera tembiricha yekupindura, uye kugadzirisa catalytic chiitiko che electrode surface.

Tatu, process parameters

3.1 Simba remagetsi

The electromotive force ndiwo mutsauko uripo pakati peiyo balanced electrode potentials of the two electrode. Tora lead-asidhi bhatiri semuenzaniso, E=Ф+0-Ф-0+RT/F*In (αH2SO4/αH2O).

E: electromotive simba

Ф+0: Positive standard electrode inogona, 1.690 V.

Ф-0: Yakajairwa isina kunaka electrode inogona, 1.690 V.

R: General gasi nguva dzose, 8.314.

T: Ambient temperature.

F: Faraday inogara iripo, kukosha kwayo i96485.

αH2SO4: Sulfuric acid chiitiko chakabatana nekusangana kwe sulfuric acid.

αH2O: Chiitiko chemvura chine chekuita nekusangana kwe sulfuric acid.

Inogona kuona kubva paformula iri pamusoro apa kuti mwero wemagetsi ebhatiri relead-asidhi i1.690-(-0.356)=2.046V, saka iro zita remagetsi rebhatiri i2V. Iyo electromotive tsvimbo yemabhatiri e-lead-acid ine hukama nekushisa uye sulfuric acid concentration.

3.2 Yakayerwa kugona

Pasi pemamiriro anotsanangurwa mukugadzirwa (zvakadai sekushisa, chiyero chekubuda, kupera kwemagetsi, nezvimwewo), huwandu hushoma (unit: ampere / awa) iyo bhatiri inofanira kubuda inoratidzwa nechiratidzo C. Kusimba kunonyanya kukanganiswa ne chiyero chekubuda. Nokudaro, chiyero chekubuda chinowanzomiririrwa nenhamba dzeArabhu muzasi kwekona yekona yetsamba C. Somuenzaniso, C20 = 50, iyo inoreva kukwanisa kwe50 amperes paawa pamwero we20 nguva. Iyo inogona kunyatsoona iyo theoretical kugona kwebhatiri zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe electrode inoshanda zvinhu mubhatiri reaction formula uye iyo electrochemical yakaenzana yezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakaverengerwa zvinoenderana nemutemo waFaraday. Nekuda kwemabatiro epadivi anogona kuitika mubhatiri uye nedhizaini yakasarudzika, simba rebhatiri chairo rinowanzo kuderera pane yetioretical kugona.

3.3 Yakatemerwa voltage

Iyo yakajairika inoshanda voltage yebhatiri patembiricha yekamuri, inozivikanwawo sezita remagetsi. Nekureva, pakusarudza marudzi akasiyana emabhatiri. Iyo chaiyo yekushanda voltage yebhatiri yakaenzana nemusiyano pakati pechiyero che electrode kugona kweiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekushandiswa. Inongoenderana chete nemhando yeanoshanda electrode zvinhu uye haina chekuita nezviri mukati meiyo inoshanda zvinhu. Iyo bhatiri voltage ndeye DC voltage. Zvakadaro, pasi pemamwe mamiriro akakosha, shanduko yechikamu chekristaro yesimbi kana firimu rinoumbwa nedzimwe nhanho dzinokonzerwa neiyo electrode reaction inokonzeresa kuderera kudiki mumagetsi. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi noise. Iyo amplitude yekushanduka-shanduka ishoma, asi frequency renji yakakura, iyo inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune yekuzvifadza ruzha mudunhu.

3.4 Vhura dunhu remagetsi

Iyo bhatiri terminal voltage munzvimbo yakavhurika yedunhu inonzi yakavhurika-circuit voltage. Iyo yakavhurika-circuit voltage yebhatiri yakaenzana nemusiyano pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvinogoneka zvebhatiri kana bhatiri rakavhurika (hapana ikozvino inoyerera nepakati pemapango maviri). Iyo yakavhurika-circuit voltage yebhatiri inomiririrwa neV, kureva, V on = Ф + -Ф-, apo Ф+ uye Ф- ndiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa mikana yedutu, maererano. Iyo yakavhurika-circuit voltage yebhatiri kazhinji ishoma pane yayo electromotive simba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simba re electrode rakaumbwa mumushonga we electrolyte pamagetsi maviri ebhatiri kazhinji hausi kugona kwe electrode yakaenzana asi kugona kwe electrode yakagadzikana. Kazhinji, mhepo yakavhurika yebhatiri inenge yakaenzana ne electromotive simba redutu.

3.5 Kupikisa kwemukati

Kupikiswa kwebhatiri mukati kunoreva kupikisa kunowanikwa kana ikozvino inopfuura nemudutu. Inosanganisira ohmic yemukati kuramba uye polarization yemukati kuramba, uye polarization yemukati inopikisa ine electrochemical polarization yemukati kuramba uye concentration yepolarization yemukati kuramba. Nekuda kwekuvapo kwekupikisa kwemukati, simba rekushanda rebhatiri rinogara riri pasi pesimba re electromotive kana kuvhurika-circuit voltage yedutu.

Sezvo kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda, kusungirirwa kwe electrolyte, uye kutonhora kunogara kuchichinja, kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri hakusi nguva dzose. Ichachinja nekufamba kwenguva panguva yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa. Iko mukati ohmic kushorwa kunotevera mutemo weOhm, uye iyo polarization yemukati kuramba inowedzera nekuwedzera kweiyo density, asi haina mutsara.

Kupikisa kwemukati chiratidzo chakakosha chinotarisa kushanda kwebhatiri. Iyo inobata zvakananga kushanda kwebhatiri, ikozvino, kubuda simba, uye simba remabhatiri, iyo idiki yemukati kuramba, zviri nani.

3.6 Impedans

Bhatiri rine saizi ye electrode-electrolyte interface nzvimbo, iyo inogona kuenzana neyakapfava yakatevedzana reketi ine hombe capacitance, kushoma kuramba, uye diki inductance. Nekudaro, iwo chaiwo mamiriro akanyanya kuoma, kunyanya sezvo iyo impedance yebhatiri ichichinja nenguva uye DC level, uye iyo yakayerwa impedance inongoshanda kune imwe nzvimbo yekuyera.

3.7 Kuchaja uye kuburitsa mwero

Iine matauriro maviri: chiyero chenguva uye magnification. Chiyero chenguva ndeyekuchaja uye kuburitsa kumhanya kunoratidzwa nenguva yekuchaja uye yekuburitsa. Hukoshi hunoenzana nenhamba yemaawa anowanikwa nekupatsanura huwandu hwebhatiri rakayerwa (A·h) nekuchaja kwakagara kwaitwa uye kubvisa ikozvino (A). Kukurisa ndiko kupesana kwereshiyo yenguva. Chiyero chekubuda kwebhatiri rekutanga zvinoreva nguva iyo inotora chaiyo yakamisikidzwa kuramba kubuda kune iyo terminal voltage. Chiyero chekubuda chine simba rakakura pakuita kwebhatiri.

3.8 Hupenyu hwebasa

Upenyu hwekuchengetedza hunoreva nguva yakawanda inobvumirwa kuchengetedza pakati pekugadzirwa kwebhatiri uye kushandiswa. Nguva yese, kusanganisira yekuchengeta uye nguva yekushandisa, inonzi zuva rekupera kwebhatiri. Hupenyu hwebhatiri hwakakamurwa kuita hupenyu hwakaoma hwekuchengetera uye hupenyu hwekunyorova hwekuchengetedza. Cycle life inoreva kuwanda kwechaji uye kuburitsa ma cycles ayo bhatiri rinogona kusvika pasi pemamiriro akatarwa. Iyo yekuchaja-discharge cycle test system inofanirwa kutsanangurwa mukati menguva yakatarwa yehupenyu, kusanganisira mwero wekuchaja-kuburitsa, kudzika kwekubuda, uye ambient tembiricha.

3.9 Self-discharge rate

Mwero wekuti bhatiri rinorasikirwa nekugona panguva yekuchengetedza. Simba rakarasika nekuzviburitsa pachikamu chekuchengetedza nguva inoratidzirwa sechikamu chehuwandu hwebhatiri isati yachengetwa.

Chechina, rudzi rwebhatiri

4.1 Saizi yebhatiri runyorwa

Mabhatiri akakamurwa kuita mabhatiri anoraswa uye mabhatiri anochajwa. Mabhatiri anoraswa ane akasiyana tekinoroji zviwanikwa uye zviyero mune dzimwe nyika nematunhu. Naizvozvo, masangano epasi rese asati agadzira mhando dzemhando, mhando dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa. Mazhinji eaya mabhatiri modhi anodaidzwa nevagadziri kana akakodzera madhipatimendi enyika, achigadzira akasiyana masisitimu ekutumidza mazita. Maererano nehukuru hwebhatiri, mhando dzenyika yangu alkaline bhatiri dzinogona kugoverwa muNo. 1, No. 2, No. 5, No. 7, No. 8, No. maenzanisi eAmerican alkaline mhando D, C, AA, AAA, N, AAAA, PP9, nezvimwewo. MuChina, mamwe mabhatiri achashandisa nzira yekuAmerica yekutumidza mazita. Zvinoenderana neiyo IEC chiyero, iyo yakazara bhatiri modhi tsananguro inofanirwa kuve chemistry, chimiro, saizi, uye kurongeka kurongeka.

1) Iyo AAAA modhi haina kushoma. Iyo yakajairwa AAAA (flat head) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe41.5±0.5 mm uye dhayamita ye8.1±0.2 mm.

2) AAA mabhatiri akajairika. Iyo yakajairwa AAA (flat head) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe43.6±0.5mm uye dhayamita ye10.1±0.2mm.

3) AA-mhando mabhatiri anozivikanwa. Makamera ese edhijitari uye matoyi emagetsi anoshandisa mabhatiri eAA. Kureba kweiyo standard AA (flat head) bhatiri i48.0±0.5mm, uye dhayamita i14.1±0.2mm.

4) Mienzaniso haiwanzoitiki. Iyi nhevedzano inowanzo shandiswa sebhatiri sero mubhatiri pack. Mumakamera ekare, anenge ese nickel-cadmium uye nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ane 4/5A kana 4/5SC mabhatiri. Iyo yakajairwa A (flat head) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe49.0±0.5 mm uye dhayamita ye16.8±0.2 mm.

5) Iyo SC modhi zvakare haina mwero. Kazhinji ndiyo bhatiri sero mubhatiri pack. Inogona kuonekwa pazvishandiso zvemagetsi nemakamera, uye midziyo inobva kunze kwenyika. Iyo yechinyakare SC (yakafuratira musoro) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe42.0±0.5mm uye dhayamita ye22.1±0.2mm.

6) Type C yakaenzana neChina che2 bhatiri. Iyo yakajairwa C (flat head) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe49.5±0.5 mm uye dhayamita ye25.3±0.2 mm.

7) Type D yakaenzana nebhatiri reChina No. 1. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhurumende, mauto, uye yakasarudzika DC magetsi emagetsi. Kureba kweiyo standard D (flat head) bhatiri i59.0±0.5mm, uye dhayamita i32.3±0.2mm.

8) Iyo N modhi haina kugovaniswa. Kureba kweiyo standard N (flat head) bhatiri ndeye 28.5±0.5 mm, uye dhayamita i11.7±0.2 mm.

9) F mabhatiri uye mabhatiri emagetsi echizvarwa chitsva anoshandiswa mumagetsi mopeds ane tsika yekutsiva kuchengetedza-isina lead-asidhi mabhatiri, uye mabhatiri e-lead-acid anowanzoshandiswa semasero ebhatiri. Iyo yakajairwa F (flat head) bhatiri ine hurefu hwe89.0±0.5 mm uye dhayamita ye32.3±0.2 mm.

4.2 Battery Standard

A. China mwero bhatiri

Tora bhatiri 6-QAW-54a semuenzaniso.

Nhanhatu inoreva kuti inoumbwa ne6 masero, uye bhatiri rimwe nerimwe rine voltage ye2V; ndiko kuti, iyo rated voltage i12V.

Q inoratidza chinangwa chebhatiri, Q ibhatiri remotokari kutanga, M ibhatiri remidhudhudhu, JC ibhatiri remugungwa, HK ibhatiri remuchadenga, D ibhatiri remotokari dzemagetsi, uye F ivhavha inodzorwa. bhatiri.

A uye W inoratidza rudzi rwebhatiri: A inoratidza bhatiri rakaoma, uye W inoratidza bhatiri risina kugadzirisa. Kana chiratidzo chisina kujeka, imhando yebhatiri yakajairwa.

54 inoratidza kuti bhatiri rakayerwa kugona i54Ah (bhatiri rakachajiswa zvizere rinoburitswa nechiyero chemaawa makumi maviri ekuburitsa ikozvino patembiricha yekamuri, uye bhatiri rinobuda kwemaawa makumi maviri).

Mucherechedzo wekona a unomiririra kuvandudzwa kwekutanga kune chigadzirwa chepakutanga, mucherechedzo wekona b unomiririra kuvandudzwa kwechipiri, zvichingodaro.

Cherechedza:

1) Wedzera D mushure memuenzaniso kuratidza yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha yekutanga kuita, senge 6-QA-110D

2) Mushure memuenzaniso, wedzera HD kuratidza yakakwira vibration kuramba.

3) Mushure memuenzaniso, wedzera DF kuratidza yakaderera-tembiricha reverse kurodha, senge 6-QA-165DF

B. Japanese JIS bhatiri rakajairwa

Muna 1979, yeJapan standard bhatiri modhi yakamiririrwa nekambani yeJapan N. Nhamba yekupedzisira saizi yekamuri yebhatiri, inoratidzwa neyakayerwa huwandu hwebhatiri, seNS40ZL:

N inomiririra chiyero cheJapan JIS.

S zvinoreva miniaturization; ndiko kuti, simba chairo risingasviki 40Ah, 36Ah.

Z inoratidza kuti ine zvirinani kutanga-up discharge performance pasi pehukuru hwakafanana.

L zvinoreva kuti electrode yakanaka iri kuruboshwe kumagumo, R inomiririra iyo electrode yakanaka iri kumagumo ekurudyi, senge NS70R (Cherechedza: Kubva kwakananga kure nebhatiri danda stack)

S inoratidza kuti pole post terminal yakakora kupfuura bhatiri rinokwana (NS60SL). (Cherechedza: Kazhinji, mapango akanaka uye asina kunaka ebhatiri ane madhayamita akasiyana kuitira kuti asavhiringa bhatiri polarity.)

Pakazosvika 1982, Yakashandisa maJapan akajairwa mabhatiri modhi nemaitiro matsva, akadai se38B20L (yakaenzana neNS40ZL):

38 inomiririra maitiro ekuita kwebhatiri. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba, iyo inowedzera simba iro bhatiri rinogona kuchengeta.

B inomiririra hupamhi nehurefu kodhi yebhatiri. Iko kusanganiswa kwehupamhi uye urefu hwebhatiri inomiririrwa neimwe yemavara masere (A kusvika H). Iko kuswedera kwechimiro kune H, iyo yakakura hupamhi uye urefu hwebhatiri.

Makumi maviri zvinoreva kuti urefu hwebhatiri hunenge 20 cm.

L inomiririra chinzvimbo cheiyo yakanaka terminal. Kubva pamaonero ebhatiri, iyo yakanaka terminal iri kumagumo ekurudyi yakanyorwa R, uye yakanaka terminal iri kuruboshwe kumucheto kwakanyorwa L.

C. German DIN yakajairika bhatiri

Tora bhatiri 544 34 semuenzaniso:

Nhamba yekutanga, 5 inoratidza kuti huwandu hwebhatiri hwakayerwa huri pasi pe100Ah; ekutanga matanhatu anoratidza kuti huwandu hwebhatiri huri pakati pe100Ah ne200Ah; nomwe dzekutanga dzinoratidza kuti huwandu hwebhatiri hwakayerwa huri pamusoro pe200Ah. Maererano nayo, iyo yakayerwa huwandu hwe54434 bhatiri ndeye 44 Ah; chiyero chakayerwa chebhatiri ye610 17MF i110 Ah; chiyero chakayerwa che700 27 bhatiri i200 Ah.

Idzo nhamba mbiri mushure mehuwandu dzinoratidza nhamba yeboka rebhatiri.

MF inomirira rudzi rwekuchengetedza-isina.

D. American BCI yakajairwa bhatiri

Tora bhatiri 58430 (12V 430A 80min) semuenzaniso:

58 inomiririra nhamba yeboka rebhatiri.

430 inoratidza kuti kutonhora kwekutanga ikozvino i430A.

80min zvinoreva kuti bhatiri rekuchengetedza huwandu i80min.

Iyo American standard bhatiri inogona zvakare kuratidzwa se78-600, 78 inoreva bhatiri saizi yeboka nhamba, 600 zvinoreva kutonhora kwekutanga ikozvino 600A.

① Muchiitiko ichi, iyo yakakosha tekinoroji paramita yeinjini ndeye yazvino uye tembiricha kana injini yatangwa. Semuenzaniso, iyo shoma yekutanga tembiricha yemuchina ine hukama nekutanga tembiricha yeinjini uye shoma yekushanda voltage yekutanga uye kubatidza. Iyo idiki ikozvino iyo bhatiri inogona kupa kana iyo terminal voltage inodonha kusvika 7.2V mukati memasekonzi makumi matatu mushure mekunge bhatiri re30V razara. Iyo inotonhora yekutanga chiyero inopa huwandu hwazvino kukosha.

② Reserve capacity (RC): Kana iyo yekuchaja system isiri kushanda, nekubatidza bhatiri husiku uye nekupa iyo shoma yedunhu mutoro, inofungidzirwa nguva iyo mota inogona kumhanya, kunyanya: pa25±2 ° C, yakazara yakazara For 12V. bhatiri, kana inogara iripo 25a ichibuda, bhatiri terminal voltage discharge nguva inodonha kusvika 10.5±0.05V.

4.3 Chawo bhatiri

1) Dry bhatiri

Mabhatiri akaoma anonziwo manganese-zinc mabhatiri. Iyo inonzi bhatiri yakaoma inoenderana nebhatiri revoltaic. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo manganese-zinc inoreva kune yayo mbishi zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sesirivha oxide mabhatiri uye nickel-cadmium mabhatiri. Iyo voltage yebhatiri ye manganese-zinc ndeye 1.5V. Mabhatiri akaomeswa anodya zvinhu zvemakemikari kugadzira magetsi. Iyo voltage haina kukwirira, uye inoenderera ikozvino inogadzirwa haigone kudarika 1A.

2) Lead-asidhi bhatiri

Mabhatiri ekuchengeta ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa mabhatiri. Zadza chirongo chegirazi kana chirongo chepurasitiki ne sulfuric acid, wozoisa mahwendefa maviri emutobvu, imwe yakabatana negetsirodhi yakanaka yejaja uye imwe yakabatana negerodhi isina kunaka yejaja. Mushure memaawa anopfuura gumi ekuchaja, bhatiri rinoumbwa. Pane voltage ye 2 volts pakati pematanda ayo akanaka uye akaipa. Kubatsira kwayo ndeyekuti Inogona kuishandisa zvakare. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwekuderera kwayo kwemukati kushorwa, Inogona kupa yakakura ikozvino. Kana yakashandiswa kusimbisa injini yemotokari, ikozvino ikozvino inogona kusvika 20 amperes. Kana bhatiri rachajwa, simba remagetsi rinochengetwa, uye kana raburitswa, simba remakemikari rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.

3) Lithium bhatiri

Bhatiri rine lithium seyakaipa electrode. Irwo rudzi rutsva rwebhatiri rine simba guru rakagadzirwa mushure memakore ekuma1960.

Zvakanakira zvemabhatiri eti lithium ndiyo yakakwira voltage yemasero mamwechete, simba rakati wandei, hupenyu hurefu hwekuchengetedza (kusvika kumakore gumi), uye kushanda kwakanaka kwekushisa (kunoshandiswa pa -10 kusvika 40 ° C). Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti inodhura uye yakashata mukuchengeteka. Mukuwedzera, iyo voltage hysteresis uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzinoda kuvandudzwa. Kuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi uye zvinhu zvitsva zvecathode, kunyanya lithium iron phosphate zvinhu, zvakabatsira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwe lithium mabhatiri.

shanu, chirevo

5.1 National Standard

Iyo IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) chiyero isangano repasi rose rekumisikidza rinoumbwa neNational Electrotechnical Commission, ine chinangwa chekusimudzira kumira muminda yemagetsi nemagetsi.

National mwero yenickel-cadmium mabhatiri GB/T11013 U 1996 GB/T18289 U 2000.

Chiyero chenyika chemabhatiri eNi-MH iGB/T15100 GB/T18288 U 2000.

Chiyero chenyika che lithium mabhatiri GB/T10077 1998YD/T998; 1999, GB/T18287 U 2000.

Pamusoro pezvo, zviyero zvebhatiri zvakajairika zvinosanganisira JIS C zviyero uye zviyero zvebhatiri zvakasimbiswa naSanyo Matsushita.

Iyo general bhatiri indasitiri yakavakirwa paSanyo kana Panasonic zviyero.

5.2 Battery common sense

1) Kuchaja kwakajairika

Mabhatiri akasiyana ane maitiro awo. Mushandisi anofanira kuchaja bhatiri nemirairo yemugadziri nekuti kuchaja kwayo uye zvine musoro kuchabatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri.

2) Kuchaja nekukurumidza

Mamwe otomatiki akangwara, majaja anokurumidza chete ane chiratidzo chemwenje 90% kana chiratidzo chechiratidzo chachinja. Chaja inongochinja ichienda kunonoka kuchaja kuti ichajise bhatiri zvizere. Vashandisi vanofanira kuchaja bhatiri zvisati zvaitika; kana zvisina kudaro, Ichapfupisa nguva yekushandisa.

3) Mhedzisiro

Kana bhatiri iri nickel-cadmium bhatiri, kana isina kunyatsochajiwa kana kuburitswa kwenguva yakareba, inosiya zvimiro pabhatiri uye kuderedza huwandu hwebhatiri. Chiitiko ichi chinonzi bhatiri memory effect.

4) Dzima ndangariro

Chaja bhatiri zvakazara mushure mekuburitsa kuti ubvise bhatiri memory maitiro. Mukuwedzera, dzora nguva maererano nemirayiridzo iri mubhuku, uye dzokorora kubhadharisa uye kusunungura kaviri kana katatu.

5) Battery kuchengetedza

Inogona kuchengeta mabhatiri e-lithium mukamuri yakachena, yakaoma, uye ine mhepo ine tembiricha iri pakati -5°C kusvika 35°C uye hunyoro husingadarike 75%. Dzivisa kusangana nezvinhu zvinopisa uye chengetedza kure nemoto nekupisa. Simba rebhatiri rinochengetwa pa30% kusvika 50% yehuwandu hwakayerwa, uye bhatiri rinonyanya kuchajwa kamwe chete mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega.

Cherechedza: kuverenga nguva yekuchaja

1) Kana iko kuchaja kuri kushoma kana kuenzana ne5% yebhatiri reti:

Nguva yekuchaja (maawa) = huwandu hwebhatiri (milliamp maawa) × 1.6÷ kuchaja ikozvino (milliamps)

2) Kana iyo yekuchaja ikozvino yakakosha kupfuura 5% yebhatiri huwandu uye isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne10%:

Nguva yekuchaja (maawa) = simba rebhatiri (mA awa) × 1.5% ÷ kuchaja ikozvino (mA)

3) Kana iyo yekuchaja ikozvino yakakura kupfuura 10% yebhatiri huwandu uye isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne15%:

Nguva yekuchaja (maawa) = huwandu hwebhatiri (milliamp maawa) × 1.3÷ kuchaja ikozvino (milliamps)

4) Kana iyo yekuchaja ikozvino yakakura kupfuura 15% yebhatiri huwandu uye isingasviki kana yakaenzana ne20%:

Nguva yekuchaja (maawa) = huwandu hwebhatiri (milliamp maawa) × 1.2÷ kuchaja ikozvino (milliamps)

5) Kana iyo yekuchaja ikozvino inodarika 20% yebhatiri huwandu:

Nguva yekuchaja (maawa) = huwandu hwebhatiri (milliamp maawa) × 1.1÷ kuchaja ikozvino (milliamps)

5.3 Kusarudzwa kwebhatiri

Tenga zvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri emhando nekuti mhando yezvigadzirwa izvi inovimbiswa.

Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo yemagetsi, sarudza yakakodzera bhatiri mhando uye saizi.

Chenjerera kutarisa zuva rekugadzirwa kwebhatiri uye nguva yekupera.

Ngwarira kutarisa kutaridzika kwebhatiri uye sarudza bhatiri rakanyatsorongedzwa, rakatsvinda, rakachena, uye risingaderedze bhatiri.

Ndokumbira utarise kune alkaline kana LR chiratidzo kana uchitenga alkaline zinc-manganese mabhatiri.

Nemhaka yekuti mercury mubhatiri inokuvadza kune zvakatipoteredza, inofanira kuterera kune mazwi "No Mercury" uye "0% Mercury" akanyorwa pabhatiri kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza.

5.4 Kudzokorodza bhatiri

Kune nzira nhatu dzinowanzo shandiswa dzemabhatiri emarara pasi rose: kuomesa nekuviga, kuchengetwa mumigodhi yemarara, uye kudzokorodza.

Kuvigwa mumarara mushure mekuoma

Semuenzaniso, fekitari yekuFrance inobvisa nickel necadmium yobva yashandisa nickel kugadzira simbi, uye cadmium inoshandiswazve kugadzira bhatiri. Mabhatiri emarara anowanzo kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzine muchetura uye dzine njodzi, asi nzira iyi inodhura uye inokonzeresa marara evhu. Mukuwedzera, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvakasvibiswa.

2. Shandisazve

(1) Kurapa kwekupisa

(2) Wet processing

(3) Vacuum kupisa kurapwa

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa nezve marudzi ebhatiri.

1. Kune marudzi mangani emabhatiri munyika?

Mabhatiri akakamurwa kuita mabhatiri asingadzokerike (mabhatiri ekutanga) uye mabhatiri anochajiswa (mabhatiri echipiri).

2. Imhando ipi yebhatiri isingagoni kuchajwa?

Bhatiri rakaoma ibhatiri risingakwanisi kubhadharisa uye rinonziwo bhatiri guru. Mabhatiri anochajwa anonziwo mabhatiri echipiri uye anogona kuchajwa nhamba shoma yenguva. Mabhatiri ekutanga kana mabhatiri akaoma akagadzirwa kuti ashandiswe kamwe chete obva araswa.

3. Sei mabhatiri anonzi AA uye AAA?

Asi musiyano unonyanya kukosha ndewe saizi nekuti mabhatiri anonzi AA neAAA nekuda kwehukuru uye saizi. . . Ingori chiziviso chekuyerera kwehukuru hwakapihwa uye yakayerwa voltage. AAA mabhatiri madiki pane mabhatiri eAA.

4. Nderipi bhatiri rakanakira nharembozha?

lithiamu-polymer bhatiri

Lithium polymer mabhatiri ane maitiro akanaka ekuburitsa. Ivo vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, kushanda kwakasimba, uye kuderera kwekuzviburitsa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhatiri harizobuda zvakanyanya kana risiri kushandiswa. Zvakare, verenga 8 Mabhenefiti e Rooting Android Smartphones muna 2020!

5. Ndeipi saizi yebhatiri inonyanya kufarirwa?

Saizi yebhatiri yakajairika

AA mabhatiri. Anozivikanwawo se "Double-A," mabhatiri eAA pari zvino ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa saizi yebhatiri. . .

AAA mabhatiri. AAA mabhatiri anonziwo "AAA" uye ibheti yechipiri inonyanya kufarirwa. . .

AAAA bhatiri

C bhatiri

D bateri

9V bhatiri

CR123A bhatiri

23A bhatiri