XR ine runyerekupe rwekuti Apple iri kugadzira chinopfekeka XR mudziyo kana chine OLED kuratidza.

Maererano nemishumo yezvinobudisa nhau, Apple inotarisirwa kusunungura chigadziro chekutanga chekupfeka chakawedzerwa (AR) kana kuti virtual real (VR) muna 2022 kana 2023. Vazhinji vatengesi vanogona kunge vari muTaiwan, seTSMC, Largan, Yecheng, uye Pegatron. Apple inogona kushandisa chirimwa chayo chekuyedza muTaiwan kugadzira iyi microdisplay. Iyo indasitiri inotarisira kuti Apple inoyevedza makesi ekushandisa inotungamira mukubviswa kweiyo yakawedzera chokwadi (XR) musika. Chiziviso cheApple mudziyo uye mishumo ine chekuita neiyo XR tekinoroji (AR, VR, kana MR) hazvina kusimbiswa. Asi Apple yakawedzera AR zvikumbiro pa iPhone ne iPad uye yakatanga iyo ARKit chikuva chevagadziri kuti vagadzire maapplication eAR. Mune ramangwana, Apple inogona kugadzira chinopfekeka XR chishandiso, kugadzira synergy neiyo iPhone uye iPad, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera AR kubva kune zvekutengesa maapplication kuenda kune vatengi maapplication.

Maererano neKorea media nhau, Apple yakazivisa munaNovember 18 kuti iri kugadzira XR mudziyo unosanganisira "OLED kuratidza." OLED (OLED paSilicon, OLED paSilicon) chiratidziro chinoshandisa OLED mushure mekugadzira pixels uye vatyairi pane silicon wafer substrate. Nekuda kweiyo semiconductor tekinoroji, kutyaira kwekupedzisira-chaiyo kunogona kuitwa, kuisa mamwe mapixels. Iyo yakajairwa kuratidza resolution mazana emapixels pa inch (PPI). Kusiyana neizvi, OLEDoS inogona kuwana kusvika kuzviuru zvemapikisisi pa inch PPI. Sezvo michina yeXR inotarisa padyo neziso, inofanirwa kutsigira yakakwirira resolution. Apple iri kugadzirira kuisa yakakwira-resolution OLED kuratidza ine yakakwira PPI.

Conceptual mufananidzo weApple headset (pikicha sosi: Internet)

Apple inorongawo kushandisa TOF sensors pamidziyo yayo yeXR. TOF inzwa inokwanisa kuyera nhambwe uye chimiro chechinhu chakapimwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive chaiwo chaiwo (VR) uye augmented real (AR).

Zvinonzwisiswa kuti Apple iri kushanda neSony, LG Display, uye LG Innotek kusimudzira kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha. Zvinonzwisisika kuti basa rekusimudzira riri kuenderera mberi; pane kungoita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi uye budiriro, mukana wekutengesa kwayo wakanyanya kukwirira. Maererano neBloomberg News, Apple inoronga kuburitsa XR zvishandiso muhafu yechipiri yegore rinouya.

Samsung iri kutarisa zvakare kune inotevera-chizvarwa XR zvishandiso. Samsung Electronics yakadyarwa mukugadzira "DigiLens" lenses yemagirazi akangwara. Kunyangwe isina kuburitsa huwandu hwekudyara, inotarisirwa kuve chigadzirwa chemhando yegirazi chine skrini yakapinzwa nelenzi yakasarudzika. Samsung Electro-Mechanics yakapindawo mukudyara kweDigiLens.

Matambudziko anotarisana neApple mukugadzira zvinopfekwa zveXR zvishandiso.

Zvishandiso zvinopfekwa zveAR kana VR zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvinoshanda: kuratidza uye kuratidza, magadzirirwo ekunzwa, uye kuverenga.

Magadzirirwo echitarisiko chezvishandiso zvinopfekwa anofanirwa kufunga nezvenyaya dzine chekuita sekunyaradza uye kugamuchirwa, sehuremu nehukuru hwechishandiso. XR maapplication ari padhuze nepasirese anowanzoda simba remakomputa rakawanda kuti rigadzire zvinhu chaizvo, saka mashandiro avo epakati pekombuta anofanirwa kunge ari pamusoro, zvichitungamira mukushandiswa kukuru kwesimba.

Pamusoro pezvo, kupisa kupisa uye mukati ma XR mabhatiri zvakare anodzikamisa dhizaini dhizaini. Izvi zvirambidzo zvinoshandawo kumidziyo yeAR padyo nenyika chaiyo. Hupenyu hwebhatiri hweXR hweMicrosoft HoloLens 2 (566g) hungori maawa maviri kusvika matatu. Kubatanidza midziyo inopfekeka (tethering) kune zvekunze zviwanikwa zvekombuta (senge smartphones kana makomputa ega) kana masosi emagetsi anogona kushandiswa semhinduro, asi izvi zvinomisa kufamba kwezvishandiso zvinopfekwa.

Nezvesensing mechanism, kana midziyo yakawanda yeVR ichiita kuwirirana kwevanhu-kombuta, kunyatsoita kwavo kunonyanya kutsamira pane mutongi ari mumaoko avo, kunyanya mumitambo, uko basa rekufambisa rinoenderana neinertial measurement device (IMU). Zvishandiso zveAR zvinoshandisa nzvimbo dzemahara dzemushandisi, senge yakasikwa inzwi rekuziva uye gesture sensing control. Zvishandiso zvepamusoro-soro zvakaita seMicrosoft HoloLens zvinotopa muchina kuona uye 3D kudzika-kunzwa mabasa, ari zvakare nzvimbo idzo Microsoft yanga yakanaka kubva Xbox yakavamba Kinect.

Zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yeAR inopfekwa, zvingave nyore kugadzira mashandisirwo emushandisi uye kuratidza zviratidziro pamidziyo yeVR nekuti hapana chikonzero chekufunga nezvenyika yekunze kana pesvedzero yechiedza chemukati. Iyo inobatwa neruoko inodzora inogona zvakare kuwanikwa nyore kuvandudza pane yemunhu-muchina interface kana isina-ruoko. Handheld controllers inogona kushandisa IMU, asi gesture sensing control uye 3D kudzika-kunzwa kunovimba nepamusoro optical tekinoroji uye maonero algorithms, kureva, muchina kuona.

Chishandiso cheVR chinoda kuchengetedzwa kudzivirira nharaunda yepasirese kuti isakanganisa chiratidziro. Zviratidziro zveVR zvinogona kunge zviri LTPS TFT liquid crystal displays, LTPS AMOLED inoratidzira ine mutengo wakaderera uye vakawanda vatengesi, kana ari kubuda silicon-based OLED (micro OLED) kuratidza. Inodhura-inoshanda kushandisa chiratidziro chimwe chete (kumeso ekuruboshwe nekurudyi), yakakura senharembozha yekuratidzira skrini kubva pa5 inches kusvika 6 inches. Nekudaro, iyo mbiri-yekutarisa dhizaini (yakaparadzaniswa kuruboshwe nekurudyi maziso) inopa zvirinani interpupillary chinhambwe (IPD) kugadziridzwa uye yekuona kona (FOV).

Pamusoro pezvo, zvakapihwa kuti vashandisi vanoramba vachiona animations anogadzirwa nekombuta, yakaderera-latency (mifananidzo yakapfava, inodzivirira kusviba) uye yakakwirira-resolution (kubvisa skrini-gonhi mhedzisiro) ndiyo nzira dzekusimudzira dzezviratidziro. Iyo yekuratidzira optics yeVR mudziyo chinhu chepakati pakati pechiratidziro nemaziso emushandisi. Naizvozvo, ukobvu (device shape factor) yakaderedzwa uye yakanakira magadzirirwo emaziso akadai seFresnel lens. Kuratidza maitiro kunogona kunetsa.

Kana ari AR kuratidza, mazhinji acho ari silicon-based microdisplays. Kuratidzira matekinoroji anosanganisira liquid crystal pasilicon (LCOS), digital light processing (DLP) kana digital mirror device (DMD), Laser beam scanning (LBS), silicon-based micro OLED, uye silicon-based micro-LED (micro-LED pa. silicon). Kuti urambe kukanganiswa kwechiedza chakanyanya ambient, iyo AR inoratidzira inofanirwa kuve nekupenya kwakakwira kupfuura 10Knits (tichifunga kurasikirwa mushure meiyo waveguide, 100Knits ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka). Kunyangwe iri passive light emission, LCOS, DLP uye LBS inogona kuwedzera kupenya nekusimudzira mwenje sosi (senge laser).

Naizvozvo, vanhu vangasarudza kushandisa madiki maLEDs achienzaniswa nemicro OLED. Asi maererano nekugadzira uye kugadzira, micro-LED tekinoroji haina kukura senge micro OLED tekinoroji. Inogona kushandisa WOLED (RGB color filter yewhite light) tekinoroji kugadzira RGB light-emitting micro OLEDs. Nekudaro, hapana nzira yakatwasuka yekugadzirwa kweiyo micro LEDs. Zvirongwa zvinogona zvinosanganisira Plessey's Quantum Dot (QD) shanduko yeruvara (mukubatana neNanoco), Ostendo's Quantum Photon Imager (QPI) yakagadzirwa RGB stack, uye JBD's X-cube (musanganiswa wematatu eRGB machipi).

Kana Apple michina yakavakirwa pavhidhiyo kuona-kuburikidza (VST) nzira, Apple inogona kushandisa yakakura micro OLED tekinoroji. Kana iyo Apple mudziyo wakavakirwa pane yakananga kuona-kuburikidza (optical see-through, OST) nzira, Haikwanise kudzivirira yakakura ambient kukanganiswa kwechiedza, uye kupenya kweiyo micro OLED inogona kushomeka. Mazhinji midziyo yeAR inotarisana nedambudziko rakafanana rekupindira, chingave chikonzero nei Microsoft HoloLens 2 yakasarudza LBS pachinzvimbo chemicro OLED.

Izvo zvinhu zvemaziso (senge waveguide kana Fresnel lens) inodiwa pakugadzira microdisplay haisati iri yakatwasuka pane kugadzira microdisplay. Kana yakavakirwa panzira yeVST, Apple inogona kushandisa pancake-maitiro optical dhizaini (musanganiswa) kuwana akasiyana siyana micro-display uye optical zvishandiso. Zvichienderana neOST nzira, unogona kusarudza waveguide kana shiri yekugezesa yekuona dhizaini. Chakanakira waveguide optical dhizaini ndechekuti chimiro chayo chakatetepa uye chidiki. Nekudaro, waveguide optics ine isina kusimba yekutenderera kwekuita kweiyo microdisplays uye inoperekedzwa nemamwe matambudziko akadai sekukanganisa, kufanana, ruvara rwemhando, uye musiyano. Iyo diffractive optical element (DOE), iyo holographic optical element (HOE), uye inoratidzira optical element (ROE) ndiyo nzira huru dzewaveguide kuona dhizaini. Apple yakawana Akonia Holographics muna 2018 kuti iwane hunyanzvi hwayo hwekuona.