Mainjiniya vakagadzira chinoparadzanisa chinodzikamisa gaseous electrolytes kuita kuti mabhatiri etembiricha arambe akachengeteka.

Zvinoenderana nevekunze mishumo yenhau, nano mainjiniya paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia San Diego vakagadzira chinoparadzanisa bhatiri chinogona kuita sechipingamupinyi pakati pecathode uye anode kudzivirira gaseous electrolyte mubhatiri kubva pamhepo. Iyo diaphragm itsva inodzivirira kumanikidza kwemukati kwedutu kuunganidza, nokudaro kudzivirira bhatiri kubva pakuzvimba uye kuputika.

Mutungamiriri wekutsvakurudza, Zheng Chen, purofesa we nanoengineering paJacobs School of Engineering paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego, akati: "Nekuteya mamolekyu egasi, membrane inogona kuita sekugadzirisa kwe electrolytes inoputika."

Iyo nyowani yekuparadzanisa inogona kuvandudza mashandiro ebhatiri pane yakanyanya-yakaderera tembiricha. Iyo bhatiri sero rinoshandisa diaphragm rinogona kushanda paminus 40 ° C, uye huwandu hunogona kunge hwakakwira se500 milliampere maawa pagiremu, nepo iyo yekutengesa diaphragm bhatiri ine dzinenge zero simba mune ino kesi. Vatsvagiri vanoti kunyangwe ikasiiwa isina kushandiswa kwemwedzi miviri, bhatiri cell cell ichiri yakakwirira. Kuita uku kunoratidza kuti diaphragm inogona zvakare kuwedzera hupenyu hwekuchengetedza. Kuwanikwa uku kunobvumira vaongorori kuzadzisa chinangwa chavo zvakare: kugadzira mabhatiri anogona kupa magetsi kumotokari munzvimbo dzine chando, senge spacecraft, masatellite, uye ngarava dzakadzika dzegungwa.

Tsvagiridzo iyi yakavakirwa paongororo yakaitwa murabhoritari yaYing Shirley Meng, purofesa wenanoengineering paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego. Tsvagiridzo iyi inoshandisa imwe liquefied gas electrolyte kugadzira bhatiri rinogona kuchengetedza kushanda kwakanaka munzvimbo inobvisa 60°C kekutanga. Pakati pazvo, iyo liquefied gasi electrolyte igasi rinonyungudutswa nekuisa kumanikidza uye rinoshingirira kune yakaderera tembiricha pane yechinyakare mvura electrolytes.

Asi rudzi urwu rwe electrolyte rune chirema; zviri nyore kuchinja kubva pamvura kuenda kune gasi. Chen akati: "Dambudziko iri ndiro nyaya huru yekuchengetedza iyi electrolyte." Dzvinyiriro inoda kuwedzerwa kudzikamisa mamorekuru emvura uye kuchengeta iyo electrolyte iri munzvimbo yemvura kushandisa electrolyte.

Chen's laboratory yakabatana naMeng naTod Pascal, purofesa we nanoengineering paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego, kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Nekubatanidza hunyanzvi hwemakomputa saPascal nevatsvaguri vakaita saChen naMeng, nzira yakagadziridzwa yekunyungudutsa iyo vaporized electrolyte pasina kumanikidza yakawandisa nekukurumidza. Vashandi vataurwa pamusoro apa vanodyidzana neMaterials Research Science uye Engineering Center (MRSEC) yeYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, San Diego.

Iyi nzira inokwereta kubva kuchiitiko chemuviri umo mamorekuru egasi anoungana oga kana akavharirwa munzvimbo diki dzenano-scale. Chiitiko ichi chinodaidzwa kuti capillary condensation, iyo inogona kuita kuti gasi rive remvura pane yakaderera. Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakashandisa chiitiko ichi kugadzira chinoparadzanisa bhatiri chinogona kudzikamisa electrolyte mumabhatiri e-ultra-low tembiricha, liquefied gasi electrolyte yakagadzirwa nefluoromethane gasi. Vatsvakurudzi vakashandisa porous crystalline material inonzi metal-organic framework (MOF) kugadzira membrane. Chinhu chakasarudzika nezveMOF ndechekuti izere netudiki pores, iyo inogona kuteya fluoromethane gasi mamorekuru uye kuamisa painodzvinyirira yakaderera. Semuenzaniso, fluoromethane kazhinji inoderera paminus 30 ° C uye ine simba re 118 psi; asi kana MOF ikashandiswa, condensation pressure ye porous at the same tembiricha inongova 11 psi.

Chen akati: "Iyi MOF inoderedza zvakanyanya kudzvinyirirwa kunodiwa kuti electrolyte ishande. Nokudaro, bhatiri redu rinogona kupa huwandu hukuru hwehuwandu pakupisa kwakadzika pasina kuora." Vatsvakurudzi vakaedza MOF-based separator mu lithium-ion bhatiri. . Iyo lithium-ion bhatiri ine fluorocarbon cathode uye lithium simbi anode. Inogona kuizadza negasi refluoromethane electrolyte mukati mekumanikidza kwe70 psi, kuderera zvakanyanya kupfuura kudzvanywa kunodiwa pakunyungudutsa fluoromethane. Bhatiri richiri kugona kuchengetedza 57% yekamuri yaro tembiricha paminus 40°C. Kusiyana neizvi, patembiricha imwechete uye kudzvanywa, simba rebhatiri rekutengesa diaphragm rinoshandisa gaseous electrolyte rine fluoromethane rinenge razero.

Iwo ma micropores akavakirwa paMOF separator ndiwo akakosha nekuti mamicropores aya anogona kuchengetedza mamwe maelectrolyte achiyerera mubhatiri kunyangwe pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderedzwa. Iyo diaphragm yekutengesa ine ma pores akakura uye haigone kuchengetedza gaseous electrolyte mamorekuru pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderedzwa. Asi microporosity haisi iyo chete chikonzero iyo diaphragm inoshanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Iyo diaphragm yakagadzirwa nevatsvakurudzi inobvumirawo pores kuti iite nzira inopfuurira kubva kune imwe mugumo kuenda kune imwe, nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chokuti lithium ions inogona kuyerera zvakasununguka kuburikidza nediaphragm. Mukuedza, ionic conductivity yebhatiri uchishandisa diaphragm itsva pa minus 40 ° C inopeta kagumi yebhatiri uchishandisa diaphragm yekutengesa.

Chikwata chaChen parizvino chiri kuyedza MOF-based separators pane mamwe ma electrolyte. Chen akati: "Takaona migumisiro yakafanana. Nokushandisa iyi MOF sechigadziro, mamolekemu akasiyana-siyana e electrolyte anogona kushambadzirwa kuti avandudze kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri, kusanganisira mabhatiri e-lithium echinyakare ane electrolytes anoputika."