Lithium bhatiri classic mibvunzo zana, zvinokurudzirwa kuunganidza!

Nekutsigirwa kwemitemo, kudiwa kwemabhatiri e lithium kuchawedzera. Kushandiswa kwematekinoroji matsva uye mhando nyowani dzekusimudzira hupfumi huchava simba rekufambisa re "lithium industry revolution." inogona kutsanangura ramangwana remakambani ebhatiri eti lithium. Zvino gadzirisa mibvunzo zana nezve lithium mabhatiri; kugamuchirwa kuunganidza!

POSHI. The basic musimboti uye basic terminology yebhatiri

1. Chii chinonzi bhatiri?

Mabhatiri imhando yekushandura simba uye midziyo yekuchengetedza inoshandura kemikari kana simba remuviri kuita simba remagetsi kuburikidza nekuita. Zvinoenderana nekushandurwa kwesimba kwakasiyana kwebhatiri, bhatiri rinogona kukamurwa kuita kemikari bhatiri uye bhatiri yebhaibheri.

Kemikari bhatiri kana kemikari simba sosi mudziyo unoshandura simba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi. Inosanganisira maviri emagetsi anoshanda emagetsi ane zvikamu zvakasiyana, zvichiteerana, anoumbwa neakanaka uye asina kunaka emagetsi. Chinhu chemakemikari chinogona kupa media conduction chinoshandiswa se electrolyte. Kana yakabatana kune inotakura kunze, inopa simba remagetsi kuburikidza nekushandura mukati mayo kemikari simba.

Bhatiri remuviri mudziyo unoshandura simba remuviri kuita simba remagetsi.

2. Ndeupi musiyano pakati pemabhatiri ekutanga uye echipiri mabhatiri?

Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakasiyana. Iyo inoshanda yebhatiri rechipiri inodzoreredzwa, nepo inoshanda yebhatiri yekutanga haisi. Iyo yekuzviburitsa yega yebhatiri yekutanga idiki zvakanyanya pane iyo yechipiri bhatiri. Kunyange zvakadaro, kupikisa kwemukati kwakakura kudarika iyo yebhatiri yechipiri, saka simba rekutakura rakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu-chaiyo huwandu uye vhoriyamu-chaiyo huwandu hwebhatiri rekutanga zvakakosha kupfuura izvo zvemabhatiri aripo anogona kuchajwazve.

3. Chii chinonzi electrochemical musimboti weNi-MH mabhatiri?

Mabhatiri eNi-MH anoshandisa Ni oxide seye electrode yakanaka, simbi yekuchengetera hydrogen seye electrode isina kunaka, uye lye (kunyanya KOH) seye electrolyte. Kana iyo nickel-hydrogen bhatiri yachajwa:

Positive electrode reaction: Ni(OH)2 + OH- → NiOOH + H2O–e-

Kuita kwakashata kwemagetsi: M+H2O +e-→ MH+ OH-

Kana bhatiri reNi-MH raburitswa:

Positive electrode reaction: NiOOH + H2O + e- → Ni(OH)2 + OH-

Negative electrode reaction: MH+ OH- →M+H2O +e-

4. Chii chinonzi electrochemical musimboti we lithium-ion mabhatiri?

Chinhu chikuru cheiyo yakanaka electrode ye lithium-ion bhatiri iLiCoO2, uye iyo yakaipa electrode inonyanya C. Painochaja,

Positive electrode reaction: LiCoO2 → Li1-xCoO2 + xLi+ + xe-

Kuita kwakashata: C + xLi+ + xe- → CLix

Yese kuita kwebhatiri: LiCoO2 + C → Li1-xCoO2 + CLix

The reverse reaction of the above reaction inoitika panguva yekubuda.

5. Ndeapi maitiro anowanzoshandiswa kumabhatiri?

Inowanzo shandiswa IEC zviyero zvemabhatiri: Muyero we nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeye IEC61951-2: 2003; iyo lithium-ion bhatiri indasitiri inowanzo tevera UL kana yenyika zviyero.

Inowanzo shandiswa yenyika zviyero zvemabhatiri: Miyero yenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri GB/T15100_1994, GB/T18288_2000; zviyero zvemabhatiri e lithium GB/T10077_1998, YD/T998_1999, uye GB/T18287_2000.

Pamusoro pezvo, zviyero zvinowanzo shandiswa zvemabhatiri zvinosanganisirawo Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C pamabhatiri.

IEC, iyo International Electrical Commission (International Electrical Commission), isangano repasi rose rakamisikidzwa rinoumbwa nemakomiti emagetsi enyika dzakasiyana siyana. Chinangwa chayo ndechekusimudzira kumiswa kwenzvimbo dzepasi rose dzemagetsi nemagetsi. IEC zviyero zviyero zvakaumbwa neInternational Electrotechnical Commission.

6. Ndechipi chimiro chikuru chebheteri yeNi-MH?

Izvo zvakakosha zvenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri akanaka electrode sheet (nickel oxide), negative electrode sheet (hydrogen storage alloy), electrolyte (kunyanya KOH), diaphragm paper, sealing ring, positive electrode cap, battery case, etc.

7. Ndezvipi zvikamu zvakakosha zvemabhatiri e-lithium-ion?

Zvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba mabhatiri eti lithium-ion mabhatiri ekumusoro uye epasi mabhatiri anovharira, positive electrode sheet (inoshingaira zvinhu inonzi lithium cobalt oxide), separator (yakakosha composite membrane), negative electrode (inoshanda zvinhu kabhoni), organic electrolyte, bhatiri kesi. (yakakamurwa mumhando mbiri dzesimbi shell uye aluminium shell) zvichingodaro.

8. Chii chinopikisa mukati mebhatiri?

Inoreva kushorwa kunowanikwa nezvino ichiyerera nebhatiri kana bhatiri riri kushanda. Iyo inoumbwa neohmic yemukati kuramba uye polarization yemukati kuramba. Iyo yakakosha yemukati kuramba kwebhatiri inoderedza bhatiri discharge kushanda voltage uye kupfupisa nguva yekubuda. Kupikisa kwemukati kunonyanya kukanganiswa nebhatiri zvinhu, maitiro ekugadzira, bhatiri chimiro, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Iyo yakakosha parameter kuyera kushanda kwebhatiri. Ongorora: Kazhinji, kuramba kwemukati mune yakachajwa mamiriro ndiwo chiyero. Kuti uverenge kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri, inofanirwa kushandisa yakakosha yemukati yekupikisa mita panzvimbo yemultimeter muohm range.

9. Chii chinonzi voltage yezita?

Izwi rezita rebhatiri rinoreva voltage inoratidzirwa panguva yekushanda nguva dzose. Iro zita remagetsi rechipiri nickel-cadmium nickel-hydrogen bhatiri i1.2V; iro zita remagetsi rechipiri lithium bhatiri i3.6V.

10. Chii chakavhurika redunhu voltage?

Open circuit voltage inoreva mutsauko unokwanisa pakati pemaelectrode akanaka neasina kunaka ebhatiri kana bhatiri risingashande, ndiko kuti, kana pasina ikozvino inoyerera nepadunhu. Voltage inoshanda, inozivikanwawo seterminal voltage, inoreva mutsauko unokwanisa pakati pemapango akanaka neakaipa ebhatiri kana bhatiri riri kushanda, ndiko kuti, kana paine overcurrent mudunhu.

11. Chii chinonzi simba rebhatiri?

Kugona kwebhatiri kwakakamurwa kuita yakayerwa simba uye kugona chaiko. Kuyerwa kwebhatiri kunoreva chisungo kana vimbiso yekuti bhatiri rinofanirwa kubudisa huwandu hushoma hwemagetsi pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekubuda panguva yekugadzira nekugadzira dutu. Chiyero cheIEC chinoti nickel-cadmium uye nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri anochajwa pa 0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu uye anoburitswa pa 16C kusvika 0.2V patembiricha ye1.0°C±20°C. Kuyerwa kwebhatiri kunoratidzwa seC5. Lithium-ion mabhatiri anotemerwa kuchaja kwemaawa matatu pasi peavhareji tembiricha, anogara aripo (5C) -constant voltage (3V) anodzora anodiwa mamiriro, uye obva abuda pa 1C kusvika 4.2V kana magetsi akadzingwa akayerwa kugona. Kugona kwebhatiri chaiko kunoreva simba rechokwadi rakaburitswa nedutu pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekubuda, ayo anonyanya kukanganiswa nehuwandu hwekubuda uye tembiricha (saka kutaura chaiko, huwandu hwebhatiri hunofanirwa kutsanangura kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa mamiriro). Iyo unit yebhatiri huwandu ndeye Ah, mAh (0.2Ah = 2.75mAh).

12. Ko bhatiri rasara richiburitsa simba rei?

Kana bhatiri rechargeable rikaburitswa neapo hombe (senge 1C kana pamusoro), nekuda kwe "bottleneck effect" iripo muyero yemukati yekupararira kweiyo yazvino overcurrent, bhatiri rasvika pamagetsi ekupedzisira kana simba risati raburitswa. , uye zvino inoshandisa diki ikozvino yakadai se 0.2C inogona kuramba ichibvisa, kusvikira 1.0V / chidimbu (nickel-cadmium uye nickel-hydrogen bhatiri) uye 3.0V / chidimbu (lithium bhatiri), simba rakasunungurwa rinonzi residual capacity.

13. Chii chinonzi discharge platform?

Iyo yekubuditsa chikuva yeNi-MH rechargeable mabhatiri kazhinji inoreva kune voltage renji umo bhatiri rinoshanda voltage rinenge rakagadzikana kana raburitswa pasi peimwe nzira yekuburitsa. Kukosha kwayo kunoenderana nekubuda kwezvino. Iyo yakakura ikozvino, iyo yakaderera uremu. Iyo yekuburitsa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion inowanzomira kuchaja kana voltage iri 4.2V, uye iripo iri pasi pe 0.01C pamhepo inogara iripo, wobva waisiya kwemaminitsi gumi, uye kubuda ku10V chero chiyero chekubuda. current. Chiyero chinodiwa kuyera kunaka kwemabhatiri.

Chechipiri kuzivikanwa kwebhatiri.

14. Ndeipi nzira yekumaka yemabhatiri anogona kuchajwa zvakare anotsanangurwa neIEC?

Zvinoenderana neiyo IEC chiyero, mucherechedzo weNi-MH bhatiri ine zvikamu zvishanu.

01) Mhando yebhatiri: HF uye HR inoratidza nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri

02) Ruzivo rwehukuru hwebhatiri: kusanganisira dhayamita uye kureba kwebhatiri rakatenderera, kureba, hupamhi, uye ukobvu hwebhatiri rekona, uye kukosha. vanopatsanurwa nekucheka, unit: mm

03) Discharge hunhu chiratidzo: L zvinoreva kuti iyo yakakodzera yekuburitsa ikozvino mwero iri mukati me 0.5C

M inoratidza kuti iyo yakakodzera yekuburitsa ikozvino mwero iri mukati me 0.5-3.5C

H inoratidza kuti iyo yakakodzera yekuburitsa ikozvino mwero iri mukati me3.5-7.0C

X inoratidza kuti bhatiri rinogona kushanda pamwero wepamusoro wekuburitsa ikozvino 7C-15C.

04) Yepamusoro-tembiricha bhatiri chiratidzo: inomiririrwa naT

05) Battery yekubatanidza chidimbu: CF inomiririra hapana chidimbu chekubatanidza, HH inomiririra chidimbu chekubatanidza chebhatiri dhizaini-mhando yekubatanidza yekubatanidza, uye HB inomiririra chidimbu chekubatanidza chedivi-ne-parutivi mutsara wekubatanidza mabhandi ebhatiri.

Semuenzaniso, HF18/07/49 inomiririra sikweya nickel-metal hydride bhatiri ine hupamhi hwe18mm, 7mm, uye kureba kwe49mm.

KRMT33/62HH inomiririra nickel-cadmium bhatiri; chiyero chekubuda chiri pakati pe0.5C-3.5, yakakwirira-tembiricha yakatevedzana bhatiri rimwe chete (pasina chidimbu chekubatanidza), dhayamita 33mm, kureba 62mm.

Zvinoenderana neiyo IEC61960 yakajairwa, kuzivikanwa kwechipiri lithium bhatiri kunotevera:

01) Kuumbwa kwebhatiri logo: mavara matatu, achiteverwa nenhamba shanu (cylindrical) kana 3 (square) nhamba.

02) Tsamba yekutanga: inoratidza inokuvadza electrode zvinhu zvebhatiri. Ini-inomiririra lithium-ion ine yakavakirwa-mukati bhatiri; L-inomiririra lithium metal electrode kana lithium alloy electrode.

03) Tsamba yechipiri: inoratidza cathode zvinhu zvebhatiri. C-cobalt-based electrode; N-nickel-based electrode; M-manganese-based electrode; V-vanadium-based electrode.

04) Tsamba yechitatu: inoratidza chimiro chebhatiri. R-inomiririra cylindrical bhatiri; L-inomiririra square bhatiri.

05) Nhamba: Cylindrical bhatiri: 5 nhamba zvichienderana inoratidza dhayamita uye urefu hwedutu. Chiyero chedhayamita imilimita, uye saizi chikamu chegumi chemirimita. Kana chero dhayamita kana kureba kwakakura kupfuura kana kuenzana ne100mm, inofanira kuwedzera mutsara we diagonal pakati pemasaizi maviri.

Square bhatiri: 6 nhamba dzinoratidza ukobvu, hupamhi, uye kureba kwedutu mumamirimita. Kana imwe yezvikamu zvitatu yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne100mm, inofanira kuwedzera slash pakati pezviyero; kana chimwe chezviyero zvitatu chiri pasi pe1mm, vara "t" rinowedzerwa pamberi peiyi dimension, uye chikwata chechidimbu ichi chikamu chegumi chemillimeter.

Semuenzaniso, ICR18650 inomiririra cylindrical secondary lithium-ion bhatiri; iyo cathode zvinhu ndeye cobalt, iyo dhayamita ingangoita 18mm, uye kureba kwayo kunosvika 65mm.

ICR20/1050.

ICP083448 inomiririra sikweya yechipiri lithium-ion bhatiri; iyo cathode zvinhu ndeye cobalt, ukobvu hwayo hunosvika 8mm, hupamhi hunenge 34mm, uye kureba kunosvika 48mm.

ICP08/34/150 inomiririra sikweya yechipiri lithium-ion bhatiri; iyo cathode zvinhu ndeye cobalt, ukobvu hwayo hunosvika 8mm, hupamhi hunenge 34mm, uye kureba kunosvika 150mm.

ICPt73448 inomiririra sikweya yechipiri lithium-ion bhatiri; iyo cathode zvinhu ndeye cobalt, ukobvu hwayo hunosvika 0.7mm, hupamhi hunenge 34mm, uye kureba kunosvika 48mm.

15. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekurongedza zvebhatiri?

01) Meson isina kuoma (bepa) senge fiber bepa, kaviri-mativi tepi

02) PVC firimu, trademark chubhu

03) Peji rekubatanidza: simbi isina simbi, pure nickel sheet, nickel-plated simbi sheet.

04) Lead-out chidimbu: Stainless simbi chidimbu (zviri nyore kutengesa)

Pure nickel sheet (spot-welded zvakasimba)

05) Plugs

06) Zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira senge tembiricha yekudzora switch, overcurrent dziviriro, ikozvino inodzikamisa resistors

07) Katoni, bhokisi repepa

08) Plastic shell

16. Chinangwa chekurongedza kwebhatiri, kubatanidza, uye kugadzira chii?

01) Yakanaka, mhando

02) Bhatiri voltage ishoma. Kuti uwane voltage yakakwira, inofanirwa kubatanidza mabhatiri akawanda munhevedzano.

03) Chengetedza bhatiri, kudzivirira mapfupi maseketi, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwebhatiri

04) Kuganhurwa kwehukuru

05) Zviri nyore kutakura

06) Dhizaini yeakakosha mabasa, senge isina mvura, yakasarudzika dhizaini dhizaini, nezvimwe.

Tatu, kushanda kwebhatiri uye kuyedzwa

17. Ndezvipi zvakakosha zvekushanda kwebhatiri rechipiri muhuwandu?

Inonyanya kusanganisira voltage, mukati mekudzivirira, kukwanisa, simba remagetsi, kumanikidzika kwemukati, kuzvidzora kwehuwandu, hupenyu hwekutenderera, kuisa chisimbiso, kushanda kwekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza kushanda, kutaridzika, nezvimwewo. Panewo kubhadharisa, kudarika-kubvisa, uye kusagadzikana kwemarara.

18. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakavimbika zvekuedza bhatiri?

01) Kutenderera hupenyu

02) Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuburitsa maitiro

03) Discharge maitiro pane tembiricha dzakasiyana

04) Kuchaja maitiro

05) Kuzviburitsa hunhu

06) Kuchengetedza maitiro

07) Kuwedzera-kuburitsa maitiro

08) Internal kuramba maitiro pakupisa kwakasiyana

09) Temperature cycle test

10) Drop test

11) Vibration bvunzo

12) Kukwanisa bvunzo

13) Muedzo wekupikisa mukati

14) GMS bvunzo

15) Yepamusoro uye yakaderera-yekushisa kukanganisa bvunzo

16) Mechanical shock test

17) High tembiricha uye yakakwirira humidity bvunzo

19. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekuongorora kuchengetedza bhatiri?

01) Muedzo wedunhu pfupi

02) Overcharge uye over-discharge test

03) Kutsungirira voltage test

04) Muedzo wemhedzisiro

05) Vibration bvunzo

06) Kupisa bvunzo

07) Kuedza kwemoto

09) Variable tembiricha kutenderera bvunzo

10) Trickle charge test

11) Yemahara yekudonha bvunzo

12) muedzo wakaderera wemhepo

13) Kumanikidzwa kubuda bvunzo

15) Electric heat plate plate test

17) Thermal shock test

19) Acupuncture bvunzo

20) Svina bvunzo

21) Heavy chinhu kukanganisa bvunzo

20. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuchaja dzakajairika?

Kuchaja nzira yeNi-MH bhatiri:

01) Kugara kuri kuchaja: iyo yekuchaja ikozvino yakakosha kukosha mune yese yekuchaja maitiro; nzira iyi ndiyo yakajairika;

02) Constant voltage kuchaja: Munguva yekuchaja, migumo yese yekuchaja yemagetsi inochengetedza kukosha kwenguva dzose, uye ikozvino munharaunda inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo bhatiri voltage inowedzera;

03) Inogara iripo uye inogara ichichaja voltage: Bhatiri rinotanga kubhadharwa neanogara aripo (CC). Kana bhatiri yemagetsi ichikwira kune yakakosha kukosha, iyo voltage inoramba isina kuchinjika (CV), uye mhepo iri mudunhu inodonha kusvika padiki, pakupedzisira ichienda kune zero.

Lithium bhatiri yekuchaja nzira:

Kugara kwazvino uye kunogara kuchaja voltage: Bhatiri rinotanga kuchajwa inogara iripo (CC). Kana bhatiri yemagetsi ichikwira kune yakakosha kukosha, iyo voltage inoramba isina kuchinjika (CV), uye mhepo iri mudunhu inodonha kusvika padiki, pakupedzisira ichienda kune zero.

21. Ndeipi chiyero chekuchaja uye kubuda kweNi-MH mabhatiri?

Chiyero cheIEC chepasi rose chinoti mwero wekuchaja nekuburitsa mabhatiri enickel-metal hydride ndeiyi: tanga waburitsa bhatiri pa0.2C kusvika 1.0V/chidimbu, wozochaja pa0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, wosiya kweawa imwe chete, woiisa. pa 16C kusvika 1V/chidimbu, ndiko Kuchaja uye kuburitsa chiyero chebhatiri.

22. Chii chinonzi pulse charger? Chii chinokanganisa kushanda kwebhatiri?

Pulse kuchaja kunowanzo shandisa kuchaja nekuburitsa, kuseta masekonzi mashanu uyezve kuburitsa kwesekondi imwe. Ichaderedza yakawanda yeokisijeni inogadzirwa panguva yekuchaja kumagetsi kune electrolytes pasi pekubuda kwekupuruzira. Kwete chete inodzikamisa huwandu hwemukati we electrolyte vaporization, asi iwo mabhatiri ekare akave akacheneswa zvakanyanya anozopora zvishoma nezvishoma kana kusvika kune yekutanga huwandu mushure menguva 5-1 yekuchaja nekuburitsa uchishandisa nzira yekuchaja iyi.

23. Chii chinonzi trickle charger?

Trickle charger inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kupera simba kunokonzerwa nekuzviburitsa kwebhatiri mushure mekunge razara. Kazhinji, pulse current kuchaja inoshandiswa kuzadzisa chinangwa chiri pamusoro.

24. Chii chinonzi kuchaja kushanda zvakanaka?

Kuchaja zvakanaka kunoreva chiyero chemwero wekuti simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa nebhatiri panguva yekuchaja rinoshandurwa kuita simba remakemikari iro bhatiri rinogona kuchengeta. Iyo inonyanya kukanganiswa neiyo bhatiri tekinoroji uye tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushanda yedutu-kazhinji, iyo yakakwira tembiricha yepakati, inodzikira yekuchaja kugona.

25. Chii chinonzi discharge performance?

Discharge performance inoreva iro chairo simba rinoburitswa kune terminal voltage pasi pemamwe mamiriro ekuburitsa kune yakayerwa huwandu. Inonyanya kukanganiswa nehuwandu hwekuyerera, ambient tembiricha, kuramba kwemukati, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kazhinji, kukwira kwechiyero chekubuda, kunowedzera kuburitsa. Iyo yakaderera yekuburitsa kunyatsoshanda. Iyo yakaderera tembiricha, iyo yakaderera yekuburitsa kunyatsoshanda.

26. Chii chinobuda simba rebhatiri?

Simba rekubuda kwebhatiri rinoreva kugona kuburitsa simba panguva imwe neimwe. Inoverengerwa zvichienderana nekubuda ikozvino I uye kuburitsa voltage, P = U * I, iyo unit ndeye watts.

Iyo yakaderera kushorwa kwemukati kwebhatiri, kunowedzera simba rekubuda. Iko kupikisa kwemukati kwebheteri kunofanira kuva kuduku kudarika kupikisa kwemukati kwemudziyo wemagetsi. Zvikasadaro, bhatiri pacharo rinopedza simba rakawanda kupfuura mudziyo wemagetsi, izvo zvisina mari uye zvinogona kukuvadza bhatiri.

27. Chii chinonzi kuzviburitsa kwebhatiri rechipiri? Ndeipi chiyero chekuzviburitsa chemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri?

Self-discharge inodaidzwawo kuti charge retention capability, izvo zvinoreva kugona kuchengetedza kwebhatiri rakachengetwa simba pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo yakavhurika yedunhu. Kazhinji kutaura, kuzviburitsa kunonyanya kukanganiswa nemaitiro ekugadzira, zvinhu, uye kuchengetedza mamiriro. Kuzvibvisa pachako ndechimwe chezvipimo zvakakura zvekuyera kushanda kwebhatiri. Kazhinji, kudzikisira tembiricha yekuchengetera bhatiri, ndiko kudzikisa mwero wekuzviburitsa, asi inofanirwawo kucherechedza kuti tembiricha yakadzikira kana kuti yakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza bhatiri uye kusashanda.

Mushure mekunge bhatiri razara uye rakasiiwa rakavhurika kwenguva yakati, imwe dhigirii yekuzviburitsa yega ndeyepakati. Chiyero cheIEC chinotara kuti mushure mekuchajwa zvizere, mabhatiri eNi-MH anofanirwa kusiiwa akavhurika kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere patembiricha ye28℃±20℃ uye humidity ye (5±65)%, uye iyo 20C yekubuda simba ichasvika 0.2% ye hwerengedzo yekutanga.

28. Chii chinonzi 24-hour self discharge test?

Iyo yekuzviburitsa bvunzo ye lithium bhatiri ndeiyi:

Kazhinji, 24-awa yekuzviburitsa-yega inoshandiswa kuyedza yayo yekuchajisa kugona nekukurumidza. Bhatiri inoburitswa pa 0.2C kusvika 3.0V, inogara iripo. Constant voltage inochajirwa ku4.2V, yakachekwa-yazvino: 10mA, mushure memaminitsi gumi nemashanu ekuchengetedza, inobuda pa15C kusvika 1 V kuyedza kuburitsa kwayo simba C3.0, wozoisa bhatiri riine magetsi anogara aripo uye anogara aripo 1C kusvika 1V, cheka- kure ikozvino: 4.2mA, uye kuyera 10C kukwanisa C1 mushure mekusiiwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana. C2/C24*2% inofanira kuva yakakosha kudarika 1%.

29. Ndeupi musiyano pakati pekupikisa kwemukati wehurumende yakapomerwa uye kurwisana kwemukati kwehurumende yakasunungurwa?

Iko kupikisa kwemukati mumamiriro ekupomerwa kunoreva kupikisa kwemukati kana bhatiri rakazara 100%; kupikisa kwemukati mumamiriro ekubudiswa kunoreva kupikisa kwemukati mushure mokunge bhatiri ranyatsopera.

Kazhinji kutaura, kupikisa kwemukati muhurumende yakasunungurwa haina kugadzikana uye yakakura zvikuru. Iko kupikisa kwemukati muhurumende yakapomerwa kunowedzera kuduku, uye kukosha kwekudzivirira kunenge kwakagadzikana. Panguva yekushandiswa kwebhatiri, chete iyo yakachajiwa mamiriro emukati ekupikisa ndiwo ane kukosha kunoshanda. Munguva yekupedzisira yekubatsira kwebhatiri, nekuda kwekuneta kwe electrolyte uye kuderedzwa kwekuita kwemukati wemakemikari zvinhu, bhatiri remukati rekudzivirira richawedzera kusvika kune zvidimbu zvakasiyana.

30. Chii chinonzi static resistance? Chii chinonzi dynamic resistance?

Iyo static yemukati inopikisa ndiko kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri panguva yekubuda, uye iyo ine simba yemukati inopikisa ndiko kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri panguva yekuchaja.

31. Ndiyo chiyero chepamusoro chekuramba bvunzo?

IEC inotaura kuti chiyero chekuchaja bvunzo yemabhatiri enickel-metal hydride ndeiyi:

Bvisa bhatiri pa 0.2C kusvika 1.0V/chidimbu, uye urambe uchichaja pa 0.1C kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere. Bhatiri harifanirwe kunge riine deformation kana kuvuza. Mushure mekuwedzeresa, nguva yekuburitsa kubva pa48C kusvika 0.2V inofanira kunge inopfuura maawa mashanu.

32. Chii chinonzi IEC standard cycle life test?

IEC inotaura kuti yakajairwa kutenderera hupenyu bvunzo yenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeiyi:

Mushure mekunge bhatiri yaiswa pa 0.2C kusvika 1.0V / pc

01) Chaja pa 0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, wozoburitsa pa 16C kwemaawa maviri nemaminetsi makumi matatu (kutenderera kumwe)

02) Chaja pa 0.25C kwemaawa matatu nemaminetsi gumi, uye kuburitsa pa 3C kwemaawa maviri nemaminetsi makumi maviri (10-0.25 kutenderera)

03) Chaja pa 0.25C kwemaawa matatu nemaminetsi gumi, uye kusunungura ku3V pa10C (1.0th cycle)

04) Kubhadhara pa 0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, kuisa parutivi kweawa 16, kubudiswa pa 1C kusvika 0.2V (1.0th cycle). Kune nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri, mushure mekudzokorora 50 mitsara ye400-1, iyo 4C yekubuda nguva inofanira kuva yakakosha kupfuura maawa matatu; kune nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, kudzokorora huwandu hwe0.2 mitsara ye3-500, iyo 1C yekubuda nguva inofanirwa kuve yakakosha kupfuura maawa matatu.

33. Chii chinonzi mukati mukati mebhatiri?

Inoreva kudzvanywa kwemhepo yebhatiri, iyo inokonzerwa negesi inogadzirwa panguva yekuchaja uye kuburitsa bhatiri rakavharwa uye inonyanya kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvebhatiri, maitiro ekugadzira, uye chimiro chebhatiri. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndechekuti gasi rinogadzirwa nekuora kwehunyoro uye organic solution mukati mebhatiri inounganidza. Kazhinji, kumanikidza kwemukati kwebhatiri kunochengetwa paavhareji. Panyaya yekuwandisa kana kuburitsa zvakanyanya, kudzvanywa kwemukati kwebhatiri kunogona kuwedzera:

Somuenzaniso, kuwandisa, electrode yakanaka: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑; ①

Iyo okisijeni inogadzirwa inopindirana neiyo haidrojeni inonaya pane isina kunaka electrode kugadzira mvura 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②

Kana kumhanya kwekuita ② kwakadzikira pane kwekuita ①, iyo okisijeni inogadzirwa haizopedzwa nenguva, izvo zvinozoita kuti kudzvanywa kwemukati kwebhatiri kusimuke.

34. Chii chinonzi chiyero chekuchengetedza cheji?

IEC inotara kuti chiyero chekuchaja chekuchengetedza bvunzo yenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeiyi:

Mushure mekuisa bhatiri pa0.2C kusvika 1.0V, ichajise pa0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, ichengete pa16℃±20℃ uye humidity ye5%±65%,ichengete kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere, wozoiburitsa ku20V pa. 28C, uye Ni-MH mabhatiri anofanira kunge anopfuura maawa matatu.

Chiyero chenyika chinoti chiyero chekuchengetedza chiyero chebhatiri relithium ndeichi: (IEC haina chiyero chakakosha) bhatiri rinoiswa pa 0.2C kusvika 3.0/chidimbu, rozochajwa ku4.2V painongogara iripo uye voltage ye1C, ine mhepo yakachekwa ye10mA uye tembiricha ye20 Mushure mekuchengetedza kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere pa ℃ ± 28 ℃, ibudise ku 5V pa 2.75C uye uverenge simba rekuburitsa. Kana ichienzaniswa nebhatiri ine simba rezita, haifanire kunge iri pasi pe0.2% yehuwandu hwekutanga.

35. Chii chinonzi short circuit test?

Shandisa waya ine mukati mekudzivirira ≤100mΩ kubatanidza mapango ebhatiri akachajiwa zvakazara mubhokisi rinodzivirira kuputika kupfupisa-sekete matanda akanaka neasina kunaka. Bhatiri harifanire kuputika kana kubata moto.

36. Ndedzipi tembiricha yepamusoro uye yakakwirira humidity bvunzo?

Iyo yakanyanya tembiricha uye humidity bvunzo yeNi-MH bhatiri ndeiyi:

Mushure mekunge bhatiri razadzwa zvizere, richengete pasi petembiricha uye mwando unogara kwemazuva akati wandei, uye usacherechedze kudonha panguva yekuchengeta.

Iyo tembiricha yepamusoro uye yakakwira humidity bvunzo yelithium bhatiri ndeye: (yenyika chiyero)

Chaja bhatiri ne 1C rinogara riripo uye rinogara riri voltage kusvika 4.2V, kucheka-kudzima ikozvino 10mA, wobva wariisa mune inoenderera tembiricha uye humidity bhokisi pa (40±2) ℃ uye hunyoro hwehukama hwe90% -95% kwe48h. , wobva waburitsa bhatiri mukati (20 Isiye iri ±5) ℃ kwemaawa maviri. Tarisa kuti kutaridzika kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kuve kwakajairwa. Wobva wabuditsa ku2.75V painongogara iripo ye1C, wobva waita 1C kuchaja uye 1C discharge cycles pa (20±5) ℃ kusvika pakubuda simba Kwete asingasviki 85% yehuwandu hwekutanga, asi huwandu hwema cycles hauwedzere. kupfuura katatu.

37. Chii chinonzi tembiricha yekukwira?

Mushure mekunge bhatiri razara, riise muchoto uye kupisa kubva mukamuri tembiricha pamwero we5°C/min. Kana kupisa kwevheni kunosvika 130 ° C, chengetedza kwemaminitsi makumi matatu. Bhatiri harifanire kuputika kana kubata moto.

38. Chii chinonzi tembiricha yebhasikoro kuyedza?

Iyo tembiricha yekutenderera kuyedza ine 27 ma cycle, uye yega yega maitiro ane anotevera matanho:

01) Bhatiri rinoshandurwa kubva paavhareji tembiricha kuenda ku66±3℃, rinoiswa kweawa imwe pasi pemamiriro e1±15%,

02) Chinja kune tembiricha ye33±3°C uye hunyoro hwe90±5°C kweawa imwe,

03) Mamiriro acho anoshandurwa kuita -40±3℃ uye anoiswa kweawa imwe

04) Isa bhatiri pa25 ℃ kwemaawa 0.5

Matanho mana aya anopedzisa kutenderera. Mushure memakore makumi maviri nemanomwe ekuedzwa, bhatiri harifanirwe kunge richidonha, kukwira alkali, ngura, kana mamwe mamiriro asina kunaka.

39. Chii chinonzi drop test?

Mushure mekunge bhatiri kana bhatiri paki razadzwa zvakazara, rinodonhedzwa kubva paurefu hwe1m kuenda kune kongiri (kana simende) pasi katatu kuti uwane kuvhunduka munzira isina kujairika.

40. Chii chinonzi vibration kuyedza?

Iyo vibration yekuyedza nzira yeNi-MH bhatiri ndeye:

Mushure mekubudisa bhatiri ku1.0V pa 0.2C, ichajise pa 0.1C kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, uye wozobvunda pasi pezvinotevera mamiriro mushure mekusiiwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana:

Kureba: 0.8mm

Ita kuti bhatiri ritenheke pakati pe10HZ-55HZ, richiwedzera kana kudzikira pamwero we1HZ paminiti yega yega.

Kuchinja kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kunge kuri mukati me ± 0.02V, uye shanduko yemukati yekupikisa inofanira kunge iri mukati me ± 5mΩ. (Vibration nguva i90min)

Iyo lithium bhatiri vibration yekuyedza nzira ndeye:

Mushure mekunge bhatiri radzikiswa kusvika ku3.0V pa 0.2C, inochajwa ku4.2V ine inogara iripo uye inongogara voltage pa 1C, uye iyo yakatemwa-yezvino i10mA. Mushure mekusiiwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, inozunguza pasi pezvinotevera:

Iyo vibration kuyedza inoitwa neiyo vibration frequency kubva pa10 Hz kusvika 60 Hz kusvika 10 Hz mumaminetsi mashanu, uye amplitude ndeye 5 inches. Bhatiri rinozunguzika mumatatu-axis nzira, uye axis imwe neimwe inodedera kwehafu yeawa.

Kuchinja kwebhatiri kunofanirwa kunge kuri mukati me ± 0.02V, uye shanduko yemukati yekupikisa inofanira kunge iri mukati me ± 5mΩ.

41. Chii chinonzi bvunzo yemhedzisiro?

Mushure mekunge bhatiri razara, isa tsvimbo yakaoma yakatwasuka uye udonhedze 20-pound chinhu kubva pane imwe urefu padanda rakaoma. Bhatiri harifanire kuputika kana kubata moto.

42. Chii chinonzi kuedza kupinda?

Mushure mekunge bhatiri razadzwa zvizere, pfuudza chipikiri chedhayamita chaiyo nepakati pedutu uye siya pini mubhatiri. Bhatiri harifanire kuputika kana kubata moto.

43. Chii chinonzi moto kuedza?

Isa bhatiri rakazara pamudziyo wekudziya une chivharo chakasiyana chekudzivirira moto, uye hapana marara achapfuura nepavhavha yekudzivirira.

Chechina, matambudziko akajairika ebhatiri uye kuongorora

44. Ndezvipi zvitupa zvakapfuura zvigadzirwa zvekambani?

Yakapfuura ISO9001: 2000 quality system certification uye ISO14001: 2004 kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza system certification; chigadzirwa chakawana EU CE certification uye North America UL certification, yakapasa iyo SGS yekuchengetedzwa kwemamiriro ekunze bvunzo, uye yakawana rezinesi rezinesi reOvonic; panguva imwecheteyo, PICC yakabvumidza zvigadzirwa zvekambani mupasi rose Scope underwriting.

45. Chii chinonzi Bettery-To-Use bhatiri?

Battery-to-use bhatiri rudzi rutsva rweNi-MH bhatiri ine high charge retention rakatangwa nekambani. Ibhatiri rinodzivirira kuchengetedza rine kuita kweviri kwebhatiri repuraimari nerechipiri uye rinogona kutsiva bhatiri rekutanga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, bhatiri rinogona kudzokororwa uye rine simba rakasara rasara mushure mekuchengetedza panguva imwechete seyakajairika sekondari Ni-MH mabhatiri.

46. Sei Ready-To-Use (HFR) chiri chigadzirwa chakanakira kutsiva mabhatiri anoraswa?

Kuenzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvakafanana, chigadzirwa ichi chine zvinotevera zvinoshamisa maficha:

01) Diki kuzviburitsa;

02) Nguva yakareba yekuchengetedza;

03) Kuwedzera-kubvisa kuramba;

04) Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera;

05) Kunyanya kana bhatiri voltage yakaderera pane 1.0V, ine yakanaka kugona kudzoreredza basa;

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti bhatiri remhando iyi rine chiyero chekuchajisa chinosvika 75% kana ichichengetwa munzvimbo inokwana 25°C kwegore rimwe, saka bhatiri iri ndicho chigadzirwa chakanakira kutsiva mabhatiri anoraswa.

47. Ndedzipi dziviriro kana uchishandisa bhatiri?

01) Ndokumbira uverenge bhuku rebhatiri nekungwarira usati washandisa;

02) Mabatiro emagetsi nebhatiri anofanirwa kuve akachena, apukutwa nejira nyoro kana zvichidikanwa, uye kuiswa zvinoenderana ne polarity mark mushure mekuoma;

03) Usasanganise mabhatiri ekare uye matsva, uye marudzi akasiyana emabhatiri emhando imwe chete haagoni kusanganiswa kuitira kuti arege kuderedza kushanda kwekushandisa;

04) Bhatiri rinoraswa harigone kuvandudzwa nekudziya kana kuchaja;

05) Usapfupikisa bhatiri;

06) Usabvisa uye kupisa bhatiri kana kukanda bhatiri mumvura;

07) Kana midziyo yemagetsi isingashandisi kwenguva yakareba, inofanira kubvisa bhatiri, uye inofanira kudzima switch mushure mekushandisa;

08) Usarasa mabhatiri zvisina tsarukano, uye aparadzanise kubva kune mamwe marara zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kudzivirira kusvibisa nharaunda;

09) Kana pasina kutariswa kwevakuru, usatendera vana kutsiva bhatiri. Mabhatiri madiki anofanirwa kuiswa pasingasvikirwi nevana;

10) inofanirwa kuchengeta bhatiri munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma pasina zuva rakananga.

48. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemabhatiri akasiyana-siyana anochajiswa?

Parizvino, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, uye lithium-ion rechargeable mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika (yakadai semakomputa, makamera, uye nharembozha). Bhatiri rechargeable rimwe nerimwe rine zvimiro zvaro zvemakemikari. Musiyano mukuru pakati penickel-cadmium uye nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndewekuti kuwanda kwesimba renickel-metal hydride mabhatiri akakwira zvakati. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri emhando imwe chete, huwandu hwemabhatiri eNi-MH hwakapetwa kaviri hwemabhatiri eNi-Cd. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-nickel-metal hydride kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nguva yekushanda yezvigadzirwa kana pasina humwe huremu hunowedzerwa kumagetsi emagetsi. Imwe mukana wenickel-metal hydride mabhatiri ndeyekuti anonyanya kuderedza dambudziko re "memory effect" mumabhatiri ecadmium kushandisa nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri zviri nyore. Mabhatiri eNi-MH ane hushamwari hwakatipoteredza kupfuura mabhatiri eNi-Cd nekuti mukati hamuna chepfu. Li-ion yakakurumidza kuve yakajairika simba sosi yemidziyo inotakurika. Li-ion inogona kupa simba rakafanana nemabhatiri eNi-MH asi inogona kuderedza huremu nezvikamu makumi matatu neshanu muzana, inokodzera midziyo yemagetsi yakaita semakamera nemalaptops. Kwakakosha. Li-ion haina "memory effect," Zvakanakira pasina chepfu zvinhu zvakare zvakakosha zvinoita kuti ive yakajairika simba sosi.

Ichaderedza zvakanyanya kuburitsa kweNi-MH mabhatiri pakudziya kwakaderera. Kazhinji, kushanda kwechaji kuchawedzera nekuwedzera kwekushisa. Zvisinei, kana tembiricha yakwira pamusoro pe45°C, kuita kwebhatiri rechargeable zvinhu patembiricha yepamusoro kunodzikisira, uye zvinozopfupisa zvakanyanya kutenderera kwebhatiri hupenyu.

49. Ndeipi chiyero chekubuda kwebhatiri? Ndeipi chiyero cheawa chekubuda kwedutu?

Rate discharge inoreva hukama hwechiyero pakati pezvinobuda zvino (A) nechiyero chakayerwa (A • h) panguva yekupisa. Hourly rate discharge inoreva maawa anodiwa kuburitsa huwandu hwakayerwa pane chaiyo yakabuda ikozvino.

50. Sei zvakakosha kuchengetedza bhatiri richidziya paunenge uchipfura munguva yechando?

Sezvo bhatiri mune digitaalinen kamera ine yakaderera tembiricha, rinoshanda zvinhu basa rakanyanya kuderedzwa, izvo zvingave zvisingapi chiyero chekhamera chekushanda ikozvino, saka kupfura kwekunze munzvimbo dzine kupisa kwakadzika, kunyanya.

Teerera kudziya kwekamera kana bhatiri.

51. Chii chinonzi tembiricha yekushanda ye lithiamu-ion mabhatiri?

Charge -10—45℃ Discharge -30—55℃

52. Mabhatiri emhando dzakasiyana angasanganiswa here?

Kana ukasanganisa mabhatiri matsva neakare ane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana kana kuashandisa pamwe chete, panogona kunge paine kudonha, zero voltage, etc. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwesimba panguva yekuchaja, izvo zvinoita kuti mamwe mabhatiri awedzere painochaja. Mamwe mabhatiri haana kuzara uye ane simba panguva yekubuda. Bhatiri repamusoro harina kuburitswa zvizere, uye bhatiri rakaderera rinonyanya kuburitswa. Mudenderedzwa rakashata rakadaro, bhatiri rinokuvadzwa, uye rinodonha kana rine yakaderera (zero) voltage.

53. Chii chinonzi chekunze chipfupi chedunhu, uye chii chinoita pakuita kwebhatiri?

Kubatanidza magumo maviri ekunze ebhatiri kune chero conductor zvinokonzeresa yekunze pfupi dunhu. Iyo pfupi kosi inogona kuunza mhedzisiro yakaoma kune akasiyana bhatiri mhando, se electrolyte tembiricha inokwira, mukati mukati memhepo pressure inowedzera, etc. Kana mhepo yemhepo ikadarika inomira voltage yevhavha yebhatiri, bhatiri rinodonha. Izvi zvinokuvadza zvakanyanya bhatiri. Kana iyo valve yekuchengetedza ikakundikana, inogona kutokonzera kuputika. Naizvozvo, usapfupisa-yekutenderera bhatiri kunze.

54. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri?

01) Kuchaja:

Pakusarudza charger, zvakanakisa kushandisa charger ine midziyo yekumisa kuchaja chaiyo (senge anti-overcharge time midziyo, negative voltage difference (-V) cut-off kuchaja, uye anti-overheating induction midziyo) kudzivirira kupfupisa bhatiri. hupenyu nekuda kwekuwandisa. Kazhinji kutaura, kunonoka kuchaja kunogona kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri zvirinani pane kukurumidza kuchaja.

02) Discharge:

a. Kudzika kwekubuda ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Iyo yakakwirira kudzika kwekuburitswa, ndiko kupfupika kwehupenyu hwebhatiri. Mune mamwe mazwi, chero kudzika kwekubuda kwakaderedzwa, inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwesevhisi yebhatiri. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanira kudzivirira zvakanyanya-kuburitsa bhatiri kune yakaderera voltage.

b. Kana bhatiri richinge raburitswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, rinopfupisa hupenyu hwaro hwesevhisi.

c. Kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakagadzirirwa zvisingakwanisi zvachose kumisa zvose zviripo, kana midziyo yakasara isina kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasina kubvisa bhatiri, iyo yakasara yakasara dzimwe nguva ichaita kuti bhatiri riwedzere kupedzwa, zvichiita kuti dutu riwedzere-kubuda.

d. Paunenge uchishandisa mabhatiri ane hunyanzvi hwakasiyana, zvimiro zvemakemikari, kana nhanho dzakasiyana dzekuchaja, pamwe nemabhatiri emarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekare neatsva, mabhatiri anobuda zvakanyanya uye anotokonzera reverse polarity kuchaji.

03) Kuchengeta:

Kana bhatiri rakachengetwa pakupisa kwepamusoro kwenguva yakareba, rinoderedza basa rayo re electrode uye rinopfupisa hupenyu hwayo hwebasa.

55. Bhatiri rinogona kuchengetwa mumudziyo wapera kana kuti risingashandiswe kwenguva yakareba here?

Kana iyo isingashandisi mudziyo wemagetsi kwenguva yakareba, zviri nani kubvisa bhatiri uye kuiisa munzvimbo yakadzika, yakaoma. Kana zvisina kudaro, kunyange kana chigadziro chemagetsi chikadzimwa, chigadziro chicharamba chichiita kuti bhatiri ive nechepasi ikozvino inobuda, iyo ichapfupisa Hupenyu hwebasa remhepo.

56. Ndeapi mamiriro ari nani ekuchengetedza bhatiri? Ndinofanira kuchaja bhatiri kuitira kuchengetedza kwenguva refu zvizere here?

Zvinoenderana neiyo IEC chiyero, inofanirwa kuchengetedza bhatiri patembiricha ye20℃±5℃ uye humidity ye (65±20)%. Kazhinji, kukwirisa tembiricha yekuchengetera yedutu, kudzikisa mwero wasara wesimba, uye zvinopesana, nzvimbo yakanaka yekuchengetera bhatiri kana tembiricha yefiriji iri 0 ℃ -10 ℃, kunyanya kumabhatiri ekutanga. Kunyangwe bhatiri rechipiri rikarasikirwa nekugona kwaro mushure mekuchengetedza, rinogona kudzoreredzwa chero rachajiwa uye kuburitswa kakawanda.

Muchirevo, pane nguva dzose kurasikirwa kwesimba apo bhatiri rinochengetwa. Iyo yemukati electrochemical chimiro chebhatiri inoona kuti bhatiri chiyero chinorasika zvisingaite, kunyanya nekuda kwekuzviburitsa. Kazhinji, saizi yekuzviburitsa inobatana nekunyungudika kweiyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu mu electrolyte nekusagadzikana kwayo (kunogoneka kuzvibvisa) mushure mekupisa. Iyo yekuzviburitsa yega mabhatiri anochajiswa yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo yemabhatiri ekutanga.

Kana iwe uchida kuchengetedza bhatiri kwenguva yakareba, zviri nani kuiisa munzvimbo yakaoma uye yakadzika-kupisa uye kuchengetedza simba rakasara rebheteri rinenge 40%. Ehe, zviri nani kutora bhatiri kamwe chete pamwedzi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedza mamiriro edutu, asi kwete kudonhedza zvachose bhatiri uye kukuvadza bhatiri.

57. Chii chinonzi bhatiri rakajairwa?

Bhatiri rinotemerwa pasi rose sechiyereso chekuyera kugona (zvinogoneka). Yakagadzirwa nemuAmerica injiniya wemagetsi E. Weston muna 1892, saka inonziwo Weston bhatiri.

Iyo yakanaka electrode yebhatiri remazuva ese ndeye mercury sulfate electrode, iyo negative electrode icadmium amalgam simbi (ine gumi kubva muzana kana 10% cadmium), uye iyo electrolyte ine acidic, yakazara cadmium sulfate aqueous solution, iyo yakazara cadmium sulfate uye mercurous sulfate aqueous solution.

58. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvinogona kukonzera zero voltage kana kuderera kwebhatiri rimwe chete?

01) Kunze kupfupi dunhu kana kuwandisa kana kudzosera bhatiri kubhadharisa (kumanikidzwa pamusoro-kuburitsa);

02) Bhatiri rinoramba richikwidziridzwa nepamusoro-soro uye yakakwirira-ikozvino, izvo zvinoita kuti musimboti webheteri uwedzere, uye ma electrode akanaka uye asina kunaka anowanikwa zvakananga uye akapfupika;

03) Bhatiri ipfupi-yakatenderedzwa kana kuti ipfupi-inotenderera. Semuenzaniso, kuiswa kusina kunaka kwematanda akanaka uye asina kunaka anoita kuti chidimbu chibatane nechikamu chiduku, chakanaka electrode contact, nezvimwewo.

59. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvingaita zve zero voltage kana low voltage yebhatiri pack?

01) Kunyangwe bhatiri rimwechete rine zero voltage;

02) Purogi ipfupi-yakatenderedzwa kana kubviswa, uye kubatana kune plug hakuna kunaka;

03) Desoldering uye virtual welding ye lead wire uye bhatiri;

04) Kubatana kwemukati kwebheteri hakuna kururama, uye pepa rekubatanidza uye bhatiri zvinoputika, zvakatengeswa, uye zvisingasviki, nezvimwewo;

05) Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi mukati mebhatiri hazvina kubatanidzwa uye zvakakuvadzwa.

60. Ndedzipi nzira dzekudzora kudzivirira kuwedzera kwebhatiri?

Kuti udzivise bhatiri kuti risawedzerwa, zvinodikanwa kudzora kupera kwekuchaja. Kana bhatiri rapera, pachave neruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwarinogona kushandisa kutonga kuti kuchaja kwasvika kumagumo. Kazhinji, kune nzira nhanhatu dzinotevera dzekudzivirira bhatiri kuti risakwidzwe:

01) Peak voltage control: Sarudza kupera kwekuchaja nekuona iyo peak voltage yebhatiri;

02) dT / DT kutonga: Sarudza kupera kwekuchaja nekuona iyo yepamusoro tembiricha shanduko yebhatiri;

03) △T kudzora: Kana bhatiri razara, mutsauko pakati petembiricha uye ambient tembiricha uchasvika pakakwirira;

04) -△V kudzora: Kana bhatiri razara uye rasvika pakakwirira voltage, voltage inodonha nehumwe kukosha;

05) Kudzora nguva: kudzora iyo yekupedzisira yekuchaja nekuisa yakatarwa yekuchaja nguva, kazhinji isa nguva inodiwa kubhadharisa 130% yezita rekugona kubata;

61. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvingaita nei bhatiri kana bhatiri pack isingabhadharwi?

01) Zero-voltage bhatiri kana zero-voltage bhatiri mubhatiri pack;

02) Iyo bhatiri paki yakabviswa, iyo yemukati yemagetsi zvikamu uye yekudzivirira yedunhu haina kujairika;

03) Midziyo yekuchaja yakashata, uye hapana chinobuda parizvino;

04) Zvinhu zvekunze zvinokonzeresa kuti kuchaja kushanda kwakaderera (senge kuderera zvakanyanya kana kupisa kwakanyanya).

62. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvingaita nei isingakwanise kubudisa mabhatiri uye mabheti ebheti?

01) Hupenyu hwebhatiri huchadzikira mushure mekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa;

02) Kusakwana kuchaja kana kusachaja;

03) The ambient tembiricha yakadzikira;

04) Kubudirira kwekuburitsa kwakaderera. Semuenzaniso, kana hombe yadzikiswa, bhatiriwo zvaro harigone kuburitsa magetsi nekuti kumhanya kwechinhu chemukati hakugone kuenderana nekumhanya kwekuita, zvichikonzera kudonha kwakapinza kwevoltage.

63. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvingaita zvenguva pfupi yekubuda kwemabhatiri uye bhatiri packs?

01) Bhatiri haina kubhadharwa zvizere, senge nguva isina kukwana yekuchaja, yakaderera yekuchaja kugona, nezvimwewo;

02) Kuwedzeredza kuburitsa ikozvino kunoderedza kubuda kwekuita uye kunopfupisa nguva yekubuda;

03) Kana bhatiri radzikiswa, tembiricha yakadzika yakadzikira, uye kubuda kwakanaka kunoderera;

64. Chii chinonzi overcharging, uye inokanganisa sei kushanda kwebhatiri?

Overcharge inoreva maitiro ebhatiri ririkuchajiswa mushure mekuchaja kwacho uyezve kuramba richichaja. Iyo Ni-MH bhatiri yakawandisa inoburitsa zvinotevera maitiro:

Positive electrode: 4OH--4e → 2H2O + O2↑;①

Negative electrode: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O ②

Sezvo simba re electrode risina kunaka rakakwirira kudarika kukwanisa kwe electrode yakanaka mukugadzirwa, iyo okisijeni inogadzirwa neiyo yakanaka electrode inosanganiswa ne hydrogen inogadzirwa neiyo yakaipa electrode kuburikidza nepepa rekuparadzanisa. Nokudaro, kumanikidzwa kwemukati kwebheteri hakuzowedzere zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, asi kana ikozvino yekuchaja yakakura kwazvo, Kana kana nguva yekuchaja yakarebesa, okisijeni inogadzirwa yakanonoka kudyiwa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kumanikidza kwemukati. kusimuka, bhatiri deformation, kubuda kwemvura, uye zvimwe zvisingadiwe zviitiko. Panguva imwecheteyo, ichaderedza zvakanyanya kushanda kwayo kwemagetsi.

65. Chii chinonzi over-discharge, uye inokanganisa sei kushanda kwebhatiri?

Mushure mekunge bhatiri raburitsa simba rakachengetwa mukati, mushure mekunge voltage yasvika kune yakakosha kukosha, iyo inoenderera ichibuda inokonzeresa yakawandisa. Iyo yekubuda-yekubvisa-voltage inowanzotemwa zvichienderana nekubuda ikozvino. 0.2C-2C blast inowanzoiswa ku 1.0V / bazi, 3C kana kupfuura, yakadai se5C, kana The 10C discharge inoiswa ku 0.8V / chidimbu. Kubuda-kudarika kwebhatiri kunogona kuunza njodzi kubhatiri, kunyanya kuyerera kwakanyanya-ikozvino kana kudzokororwa-kubuda, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya bhatiri. Kazhinji kutaura, kuburitsa zvakanyanya-kuchawedzera simba remukati rebhatiri uye yakanaka uye yakaipa inoshanda zvinhu. Iko kudzoreredzwa kunoparadzwa, kunyangwe ikachajwa, inogona kudzoreredza zvishoma, uye kugona kunenge kwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya.

66. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvikuru zvekuwedzera kwemabhatiri ekuchajiswa?

01) Dutu rekudzivirira bhatiri rakashata;

02) Sero yebhatiri inowedzera pasina kudzivirira basa;

03) Kuita kwejaja kwakashata, uye ikozvino yekuchaja yakakura kwazvo, zvichiita kuti bhatiri rizvimbe;

04) Bhatiri rinoramba richiwedzerwa nehuwandu hwepamusoro uye yakakwirira ikozvino;

05) Bhatiri inomanikidzwa kuwedzera-kuburitsa;

06) Dambudziko rekugadzira bhatiri.

67. Chii chiri kuputika kwebhatiri? Nzira yekudzivirira sei kuputika kwebhatiri?

Chinhu chakasimba mune chero chikamu chebhatiri chinobudiswa pakarepo uye chinosundirwa kune chinhambwe chinodarika 25cm kubva mudutu, kunonzi kuputika. Nzira dzakajairika dzekudzivirira ndeidzi:

01) Usabhadharise kana pfupi dunhu;

02) Shandisa zvirinani-kuchaja midziyo yekuchaja;

03) Maburi ebheteri anofanira kugara asina kuvharwa;

04) Ngwarira kupisa kupisa paunenge uchishandisa bhatiri;

05) Zvinorambidzwa kusanganisa marudzi akasiyana, matsva uye ekare mabhatiri.

68. Ndedzipi mhando dzezvikamu zvekudzivirira kwebhatiri uye zvakanakira nekuipira kwadzo?

Iyi tafura inotevera kuenzanisa kwekuita kwe akati wandei akajairwa bhatiri kuchengetedza zvikamu:

ZITA	ZVINOKOSHA ZVINOKOSHA	ZVINOKOSHA	nani	SHORTCOMING
Thermal switch	PTC	Kudzivirirwa kwazvino kwebhatiri pack	Kurumidza kuona shanduko yemazuva ano uye tembiricha mudunhu, kana tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kana ikozvino yakanyanya, tembiricha yebimetal iri muchinjiko inogona kusvika kune yakatarwa kukosha kwebhatani, uye simbi inogumburwa, iyo inogona kudzivirira. bhatiri nemidziyo yemagetsi.	Simbi iyi inogona kusagadzika patsva mushure mekugumburwa, zvichiita kuti bhatiri pack voltage itadze kushanda.
Overcurrent protector	PTC	Battery pack overcurrent protection	Sezvo tembiricha inokwira, kushorwa kwechigadzirwa ichi kunowedzera mutsara. Kana iyo yazvino kana tembiricha ichikwira kune yakakosha kukosha, kukosha kwekupikisa kunoshanduka kamwe kamwe (kunowedzera) kuitira kuti ichangoburwa shanduko kune maA level. Kana tembiricha yadonha, inodzokera kune yakajairika. Inogona kushandiswa sechidimbu chekubatanidza bhatiri kune tambo mubhatiri pack.	Mutengo wakakwirira
fiyuzi		Sensing dunhu ikozvino uye tembiricha	Kana iyo yazvino mudunhu ichidarika kukosha kwakayerwa kana tembiricha yebhatiri ichikwira kune yakakosha kukosha, iyo fuse inovhuvhuta kuti ibvise dunhu kuchengetedza bhatiri paki uye midziyo yemagetsi kubva mukukuvadzwa.	Mushure mokunge fuse ichiputika, haigoni kudzorerwa uye inoda kuchinjwa munguva, iyo inotambudza.

69. Chii chinonzi bhatiri rinotakurika?

Inotakurika, zvinoreva kuti nyore kutakura uye nyore kushandisa. Mabhatiri anotakurika anonyanya kushandiswa kupa simba kune nharembozha, isina tambo. Mabhatiri akakura (semuenzaniso, 4 kg kana kupfuura) haasi mabhatiri anotakurika. Bhatiri rinotakurika nhasi rinenge mazana mashoma magiramu.

Mhuri yemabhatiri anotakurika anosanganisira mabhatiri ekutanga uye mabhatiri anochajwa (secondary mabhatiri). Bhatani mabhatiri ndeerimwe boka rawo.

70. Ndeapi maitiro emabhatiri anotakurika anotakurika?

Bhatiri rega rega ndiro rinoshandura simba. Inogona kushandura zvakananga simba remakemikari rakachengetwa kuita simba remagetsi. Kune mabhatiri anochajiswa, maitiro aya anogona kurondedzerwa seanotevera:

• Shanduko yesimba remagetsi kuita kemikari simba panguva yekuchaja → 
• Shanduko yesimba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi panguva yekuburitsa → 
• Shanduko yesimba remagetsi kuita kemikari simba panguva yekuchaja

Inogona kutenderera bhatiri rechipiri kanopfuura ka1,000 nenzira iyi.

Kune mabhatiri anotakurika anotakurika mumhando dzakasiyana dze electrochemical, lead-acid type (2V/chidimbu), nickel-cadmium type (1.2V/chidimbu), nickel-hydrogen type (1.2V/essay), lithium-ion bhatiri (3.6V// chikamu)); chinowanzoitwa chemhando idzi dzemabhatiri ndechekuti vane simba rinoramba richibuda (voltage plateau panguva yekubuda), uye iyo voltage inoora nekukurumidza pakutanga uye pakupera kwekuburitswa.

71. Pane charger ingashandiswe here kumabhatiri anotakurika?

Aiwa, nokuti chero chaja chinongoenderana chete nechaji yechaji uye inogona kungoenzanisa neimwe nzira ye electrochemical, yakadai se lithium-ion, lead-acid kana Ni-MH mabhatiri. Ivo havana chete maitiro akasiyana emagetsi asiwo akasiyana ekuchaja modhi. Iyo chete yakagadziridzwa inokurumidza charger inogona kuita kuti bhatiri reNi-MH riwane yakanyanya kukodzera yekuchaja maitiro. Slow charger inogona kushandiswa painodiwa, asi inoda nguva yakawanda. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe mamwe machaja aine mavara akakodzera, iwe unofanirwa kungwarira paunenge uchiashandisa semachaja emabhatiri mune akasiyana electrochemical masisitimu. Mavara anokodzera anongoratidza chete kuti mudziyo unoenderana neEuropean electrochemical zviyero kana mamwe mazinga enyika. Label iyi haipe chero ruzivo rwemhando yebhatiri rakakodzera. Hazvibviri kuchaja mabhatiri eNi-MH ane machaja asingadhure. Migumisiro inogutsa ichawanikwa, uye kune ngozi. Izvi zvinofanirwawo kutariswa kune mamwe marudzi emabhatiri majaja.

72. Bhatiri rinotakurika 1.2V rinogona kutsiva 1.5V alkaline manganese bhatiri here?

Voltage range yemabhatiri ealkaline manganese panguva yekubuda iri pakati pe1.5V ne0.9V, ukuwo magetsi ebhatiri rinochajwa ari 1.2V/bazi kana aburitswa. Iyi voltage inokwana kuenzana neavhareji voltage ye alkaline manganese bhatiri. Naizvozvo, mabhatiri anochajiswa anoshandiswa panzvimbo yealkaline manganese. Mabhatiri anogoneka, uye zvakasiyana.

73. Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvemabhatiri anogona kuchajwazve?

Chakanakira mabhatiri anochajiswa ndechekuti vane hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Kunyange kana iyo inodhura kudarika mabhatiri ekutanga, ivo vane mari yakawanda kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwenguva refu. Huyemu hwemabhatiri anochajwa zvakare hwakakwirisa kupfuura hwemabhatiri ekutanga. Nekudaro, iyo yekuburitsa voltage yeakajairwa mabhatiri echipiri inogara, uye zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti kubuda kwacho kuchapera rinhi zvekuti zvinokonzeresa zvimwe zvinonetsa panguva yekushandiswa. Nekudaro, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion anogona kupa midziyo yekamera kwenguva yakareba yekushandisa, yakakwira kutakura simba, yakakwira simba density, uye kudonha kwemagetsi ekuburitsa kunopera nekudzika kwekubuda.

Mabhatiri echipiri akajairika ane chiyero chepamusoro chekuzviburitsa, chakakodzera kune yakakwira ikozvino yekuburitsa maapplication akadai sedhijitari makamera, matoyi, maturusi emagetsi, magetsi ekukurumidzira, etc. Izvo hazvina kunaka kune diki-ikozvino-yenguva refu yekuburitsa zviitiko senge kure kure. mhanzi mabhero epagonhi, nezvimwe. Nzvimbo dzisina kukodzera kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwenguva refu, sematochi. Parizvino, bhatiri rakakodzera ndiro lithium bhatiri, rine zvinenge zvese zvakanakira dutu, uye chiyero chekuzviburitsa chishoma. Izvo chete zvakashata ndezvekuti kuchaja uye kuburitsa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya kuomarara, zvinovimbisa hupenyu.

74. Ndezvipi zvakanakira mabhatiri eNiMH? Ndezvipi zvinobatsira zve lithium-ion mabhatiri?

Zvakanakira zveNiMH mabhatiri ndeaya:

01) mutengo wakaderera;

02) Yakanaka kukurumidza kuchaja kuita;

03) Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera;

04) Hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro;

05) hapana kusvibiswa, bhatiri rakasvibirira;

06) Wide tembiricha siyana;

07) Kuita kwakanaka kwekuchengetedza.

Zvakanakira zve lithium-ion mabhatiri ndeaya:

01) High simba density;

02) High kushanda voltage;

03) Hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro;

04) Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera;

05) hapana kusvibiswa;

06) Kureruka;

07) Diki yekuzviburitsa.

75. Ndezvipi zvakanakira lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri?

Iyo huru yekushandisa nzira yelithium iron phosphate mabhatiri mabhatiri emagetsi, uye mabhenefiti ayo anonyanya kuratidzwa mune zvinotevera zvinhu:

01) Hupenyu hwakareba;

02) Yakachengeteka kushandisa;

03) Kuchaja nekukurumidza uye kuburitsa neiyo hombe ikozvino;

04) Kupikisa kwepamusoro-kupisa;

05) Kukwanisa kukuru;

06) Hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro;

07) Kukura diki uye kureruka;

08) Green uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

76. Ndezvipi zvakanakira lithium polymer mabhatiri?

01) Iko hakuna dambudziko rekudonha kwebhatiri. Bhatiri harina mvura ye electrolyte uye rinoshandisa colloidal solids;

02) Mabhatiri matete anogona kugadzirwa: Nekukwanisa kwe3.6V uye 400mAh, ukobvu hunogona kuita hutete se0.5mm;

03) Bhatiri inogona kugadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana;

04) Bhatiri rinogona kukotamiswa uye kuremara: bhatiri repolymer rinogona kukotama kusvika pa900;

05) Inogona kugadzirwa mune imwechete yakakwirira-voltage bhatiri: liquid electrolyte mabhatiri anogona chete kubatanidzwa munhevedzano kuti awane high-voltage, polymer mabhatiri;

06) Sezvo pasina mvura, inogona kuita kuti ive yakawanda-layer musanganiswa mune imwechete particle kuti iwane yakakwirira voltage;

07) Uhu huchave hwakapetwa kaviri kupfuura hwebhatiri ye lithium-ion yehukuru hwakafanana.

77. Chii chinonzi musimboti wejaja? Ndedzipi mhando huru?

Iyo charger ndeye static converter mudziyo unoshandisa magetsi emagetsi semiconductor zvishandiso kushandura alternating current ine inogara voltage uye frequency kuita yakananga ikozvino. Kune akawanda machaja, akadai selead-acid bhatiri charger, valve-regulated sealed lead-acid bhatiri kuyedzwa, monitoring, nickel-cadmium bhatiri majaja, nickel-hydrogen bhatiri majaja, uye lithium-ion mabhatiri majaja, lithium-ion bhatiri charger. yemidziyo yemagetsi inotakurika, Lithium-ion bhatiri yekudzivirira yedunhu multi-function charger, yemagetsi mota bhatiri charger, nezvimwe.

Zvishanu, marudzi ebhatiri uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa

78. Nzira yekuisa sei mabhatiri?

Kemikari bhatiri:

Mabhatiri ekutanga-carbon-zinc yakaoma mabhatiri, alkaline-manganese mabhatiri, lithium mabhatiri, activation mabhatiri, zinc-mercury mabhatiri, cadmium-mercury mabhatiri, zinc-air mabhatiri, zinc- Silver mabhatiri, uye akasimba mabhatiri eelectrolyte (silver-iodine mabhatiri) , nezvimwewo.

Mabhatiri echipiri-anotungamira mabhatiri, mabhatiri eNi-Cd, mabhatiri eNi-MH, Li-ion mabhatiri, sodium-sarufa mabhatiri, nezvimwewo.

Mamwe mabhatiri-mafuta emagetsi mabhatiri, mabhatiri emhepo, mabhatiri matete, mabhatiri emwenje, nano mabhatiri, nezvimwe.

Bhatiri remuviri: -solar cell (solar cell)

79. Nderipi bhatiri richatonga musika webhatiri?

Semakamera, nharembozha, nhare dzisina tambo, makomputa ekunyorera, uye mamwe madhidhiyo emultimedia ane mifananidzo kana manzwi anotora zvinzvimbo zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemumba, zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri ekutanga, mabhatiri echipiri anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mundima idzi. Iyo yechipiri bhatiri inochajwa ichakura mudiki saizi, isingaremi, yakakwirira huwandu, uye hungwaru.

80. Chii chinonzi bhatiri rechipiri rakangwara?

Chip inoiswa mubhatiri rakangwara, iro rinopa simba kune mudziyo uye rinotonga mabasa ayo ekutanga. Rudzi urwu rwebhatiri runogonawo kuratidza huwandu hwasara, huwandu hwematenderedzwa akatenderedzwa, uye tembiricha. Nekudaro, hapana bhatiri rakangwara pamusika. Ichatora chinzvimbo chakakosha chemusika mune ramangwana, kunyanya mumakamkoda, nharembozha, nharembozha, uye makomputa.

81. Chii chinonzi bhatiri rebepa?

Bhatiri remapepa rudzi rutsva rwebhatiri; zvikamu zvaro zvinosanganisirawo electrodes, electrolytes, uye separators. Kunyanya, iyi mhando nyowani yebepa bhatiri inoumbwa nebepa re cellulose rakasimwa nemagetsi emagetsi uye electrolytes, uye bepa re cellulose rinoita seanoparadzanisa. Maelectrodes ari kabhoni nanotubes akawedzerwa ku cellulose uye metallic lithium yakavharwa pafirimu rakagadzirwa ne cellulose, uye iyo electrolyte i lithium hexafluorophosphate solution. Bhatiri iri rinokwanisa kupetwa uye rakakora chete sebepa. Vatsvagiri vanotenda kuti nekuda kwezvizhinji zveiyi bhatiri rebepa, richava rudzi rutsva rwesimba rekuchengetedza mudziyo.

82. Chii chinonzi photovoltaic cell?

Photocell chinhu chesemiconductor chinoburitsa simba remagetsi pasi pekupenya kwechiedza. Kune akawanda marudzi emasero ephotovoltaic, akadai seselenium photovoltaic masero, silicon photovoltaic masero, thallium sulfide, uye sirivheri sulfide photovoltaic masero. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mune chiridzwa, otomatiki telemetry, uye kure kudzora. Mamwe masero e photovoltaic anogona kushandura zvakananga simba rezuva kuva simba remagetsi. Iyi mhando ye photovoltaic cell inonziwo solar cell.

83. Chii chinonzi solar cell? Ndezvipi zvakanakira masero ezuva?

Solar cell zvishandiso zvinoshandura simba rechiedza (kunyanya chiedza chezuva) kuita simba remagetsi. Nheyo yacho ndeye photovoltaic effect; ndiko kuti, iyo yakavakirwa-mumunda yemagetsi yePN junction inoparadzanisa mapikicha anogadzirwa nevatakuri kumativi maviri epakona kuti abudise photovoltaic voltage uye inobatanidza kune dunhu rekunze kuti iite simba. Simba remasero ezuva rinoenderana nekukura kwechiedza-kana zvakanyanya kusimba mangwanani, simba rinobuda.

Iyo solar system iri nyore kuisa, nyore kuwedzera, disassemble, uye ine zvimwe zvakanakira. Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva kunewo mari yakawanda, uye hapana kushandiswa kwesimba panguva yekushanda. Mukuwedzera, iyi system inopesana ne mechanical abrasion; solar system inoda masero ezuva akavimbika kuti agamuchire uye achengetedze simba rezuva. General solar maseru ane zvinotevera zvakanakira:

01) Yakakwira chaji yekunyudza kugona;

02) Hupenyu hurefu hwekutenderera;

03) Zvakanaka rechargeable performance;

04) Hapana kugadzirisa kunodiwa.

84. Chii chinonzi fuel cell? Kuronga sei?

A fuel cell is an electrochemical system inoshandura zvakananga simba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi.

Iyo yakajairika classification nzira inobva pamhando ye electrolyte. Kubva pane izvi, masero emafuta anogona kukamurwa kuita alkaline mafuta masero. Kazhinji, potassium hydroxide se electrolyte; phosphoric acid mhando mafuta masero, anoshandisa concentrated phosphoric acid se electrolyte; proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Shandisa perfluorinated kana partially fluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane se electrolyte; yakanyungudutswa carbonate mhando mafuta sero, kushandisa yakanyungudutswa lithium-potassium carbonate kana lithium-sodium carbonate se electrolyte; solid oxide fuel cell, Shandisa maokisidhi akatsiga seokisijeni ion conductors, akadai seyttria-yakadzikama zirconia membranes se electrolytes. Dzimwe nguva mabhatiri anokamurwa zvichienderana nekupisa kwebhatiri, uye akakamurwa kuita tembiricha yakaderera (tembiricha yekushanda iri pasi pe100 ℃) masero emafuta, anosanganisira alkaline mafuta masero uye proton exchange membrane fuel cell; svikiro tembiricha mafuta masero (kushanda tembiricha pa 100-300 ℃), kusanganisira Bacon mhando alkaline mafuta sero uye phosphoric asidhi mhando mafuta sero; high-tembiricha mafuta sero (tembiricha yekushanda pa600-1000 ℃), inosanganisira yakanyungudutswa kabhoni yemafuta sero uye yakasimba oxide fuel cell.

85. Sei mafuta emafuta aine mukana wekusimudzira wakanakisa?

Mumakore gumi kana maviri apfuura, United States yakanyatso kukoshesa kugadzirwa kwemafuta emafuta. Mukupesana, Japan yakaita nesimba budiriro yetekinoroji yakavakirwa pakuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hweAmerica. Iyo fuel cell yakwezva kutarisa kune dzimwe nyika dzakabudirira kunyanya nekuti ine zvinotevera zvakanaka:

01) Kubudirira kwepamusoro. Nemhaka yokuti simba remakemikari emafuta rinoshandurwa zvakananga kuva simba remagetsi, pasina kushanduka kwesimba rinopisa pakati, kushandiswa kwekushandura hakugadziriswi ne thermodynamic Carnot cycle; nokuti hapana magetsi ekugadzirisa simba, inogona kudzivisa kurasikirwa kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga, uye kushandiswa kwekushandura hakubvi pachiyero chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi Uye kuchinja, saka sero yemafuta ine hukuru hwekushandura;

02) Ruzha rwakaderera uye kusvibiswa kwakaderera. Mukushandura simba remakemikari kuita simba remagetsi, sero remafuta harina michina inofamba, asi iyo control system ine zvimwe zvidiki, saka ruzha rwakaderera. Pamusoro pezvo, masero emafuta zvakare inzvimbo yakaderera-kusvibiswa kwesimba. Tora phosphoric acid fuel cell semuenzaniso; sulfur oxides uye nitrides yainoburitsa mirairo miviri yehukuru yakaderera pane zviyero zvakatarwa neUnited States;

03) Kuchinja kwakasimba. Masero emafuta anogona kushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehydrogen-ine mafuta, akadai semethane, methanol, ethanol, biogas, petroleum gasi, gasi rechisikigo, uye gasi rekugadzira. Iyo oxidizer haiperi uye isingapere mweya. Inogona kugadzira masero emafuta kuita zvikamu zvakajairwa zvine simba chairo (senge 40 kilowatts), akaunganidzwa mumasimba akasiyana nemhando zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi, uye akaiswa munzvimbo yakanyanya nyore. Kana zvichidikanwa, inogonawo kusimbiswa senzvimbo huru yemagetsi uye inoshandiswa pamwe chete nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, ayo achabatsira kugadzirisa mutoro wemagetsi;

04) Nguva pfupi yekuvaka uye kugadzirisa nyore. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwemafuta emafuta, inogona kuramba ichigadzira akasiyana akajairwa zvikamu zvemagetsi ekugadzira magetsi mumafekitori. Zviri nyore kutakura uye zvinogona kuunganidzwa pa-saiti pachiteshi chemagetsi. Mumwe munhu akafungidzira kuti kuchengetedzwa kwe40-kilowatt phosphoric acid fuel cell inongova 25% yejenareta redhiziri resimba rimwe chete.

Nemhaka yokuti masero emafuta ane zvakawanda zvakanakira, United States neJapan dzinokoshesa zvikuru kukura kwawo.

86. Chii chinonzi nano bhatiri?

Nano inosvika 10-9 metres, uye nano-bhatiri bhatiri rakagadzirwa nemananomaterials (senano-MnO2, LiMn2O4, Ni(OH)2, nezvimwewo). Nanomaterials ine yakasarudzika microstructures uye yemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro (senge quantum saizi mhedzisiro, pamusoro pemhedzisiro, tunnel quantum mhedzisiro, nezvimwewo). Parizvino, bhatiri remumba nano bhatiri ndiro nano-activated carbon fiber bhatiri. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi, midhudhudhu yemagetsi, uye magetsi mopeds. Iri rudzi rwebhatiri rinogona kuchajwazve 1,000 cycles uye rinoshandiswa nguva dzose kwemakore gumi. Zvinongotora anenge maminetsi makumi maviri kuchaja panguva imwe chete, mugwagwa wakafuratira 20km, uye huremu i400kg, iyo yakapfuura mwero wemota dzemabhatiri muUnited States, Japan, nedzimwe nyika. Iyo nickel-metal hydride mabhatiri anoda maawa 128-6 kubhadharisa, uye mugwagwa wakatsetseka unofamba 8km.

87. Chii chinonzi plastiki lithium-ion bhatiri?

Parizvino, epurasitiki lithium-ion bhatiri inoreva kushandiswa kweion-conducting polymer se electrolyte. Iyi polymer inogona kuoma kana colloidal.

88. Ndeipi midziyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune mabhatiri anochajiswa?

Mabhatiri anochajwa anonyanya kukodzera midziyo yemagetsi inoda kuwanda kwesimba rekupa kana midziyo inoda kuburitswa ikozvino, senge inotakurika inotakurika, maCD player, maredhiyo madiki, mitambo yemagetsi, matoyi emagetsi, midziyo yemumba, makamera ehunyanzvi, nharembozha, Cordless phones, makombiyuta emabhuku uye zvimwe zvigadziri zvinoda simba rakakwirira. Zvakanakisisa kusashandisa mabhatiri ekuchajiswa kune midziyo isingawanzo shandiswa nekuti iyo yekuzviburitsa yega mabhatiri anochajiswa yakakura. Zvakadaro, kana midziyo ichida kuburitswa neazvino yakakwira, inofanirwa kushandisa mabhatiri anochajiswa. Kazhinji, vashandisi vanofanirwa kusarudza michina yakakodzera maererano nemirairo inopihwa nemugadziri. Bhatiri.

89. Ndeapi mavhoti uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri?

BATTERY MODEL	VOLTAGE	SHANDISA MUNDA
SLI (injini)	6V kana kupfuura	Mota, mota dzekutengesa, midhudhudhu, nezvimwe.
lithium battery	6V	Kamera nezvimwe.
Lithium Manganese Bhatani Battery	3V	Pocket Calculator, wachi, remote control zvishandiso, nezvimwe.
Silver Oxygen Bhatani Bhatiri	1.55V	Wachi, wachi diki, nezvimwe.
Alkaline manganese raundi bhatiri	1.5V	Inotakurika vhidhiyo midziyo, makamera, mutambo consoles, nezvimwe.
Alkaline manganese bhatani bhatiri	1.5V	Pocket Calculator, midziyo yemagetsi, nezvimwe.
Zinc Carbon Round Battery	1.5V	Maalarm, mwenje unopenya, matoyi, nezvimwe.
Zinc-air bhatani bhatiri	1.4V	Zviyamuro zvekunzwa, nezvimwewo.
MnO2 bhatani bhatiri	1.35V	Zvishandiso zvekunzwa, makamera, nezvimwe.
Nickel-cadmium mabhatiri	1.2V	Zvishandiso zvemagetsi, makamera anotakurika, nharembozha, nhare dzisina tambo, matoyi emagetsi, marambi echimbichimbi, mabhasikoro emagetsi, nezvimwe.
NiMH mabhatiri	1.2V	Nharembozha, nhare dzisina tambo, makamera anotakurika, mabhuku ekunyorera, marambi echimbichimbi, midziyo yemumba, nezvimwe.
Lithium Ion Bhatiri	3.6V	Nharembozha, makomputa ekunyorera, nezvimwe.

90. Ndedzipi mhando dzemabhatiri anochajiswa? Ndeipi midziyo yakakodzera kune imwe neimwe?

BATTERY TYPE	DZICHIBUDA	APPLICATION EQUIPMENT
Ni-MH kutenderera bhatiri	Hunhu hwepamusoro, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza (isina mercury, lead, cadmium), kuchengetedzwa kwechaji	Midziyo yekuteerera, marekodha evhidhiyo, nharembozha, nharembozha dzisina tambo, maraiti echimbichimbi, makomputa ekunyorera
Ni-MH prismatic bhatiri	Kukwanisa kwepamusoro, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro	Midziyo yekuteerera, marekodha evhidhiyo, nharembozha, nharembozha dzisina tambo, marambi ekukurumidzira, malaptop
Ni-MH bhatani bhatiri	Kukwanisa kwepamusoro, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro	Nharembozha, nharembozha
Nickel-cadmium raundi bhatiri	High load capacity	Audio midziyo, magetsi maturusi
Nickel-cadmium bhatani bhatiri	High load capacity	Runhare rusina tambo, ndangariro
Lithium Ion Bhatiri	High load capacity, high energy density	Nharembozha, malaptop, vhidhiyo rekodha
Kutungamira-bhatiri mabhatiri	Mutengo wakachipa, kugadzirisa zviri nyore, hupenyu hwakaderera, uremu hunorema	Ngarava, mota, marambi emugodhi, nezvimwe.

91. Ndeapi marudzi emabhatiri anoshandiswa mumagetsi ekukurumidzira?

01) Yakavharwa Ni-MH bhatiri;

02) Adjustable valve lead-acid bhatiri;

03) Mamwe marudzi emabhatiri anogonawo kushandiswa kana akasangana neakakodzera kuchengetedzwa uye mashandiro eiyo IEC 60598 (2000) (emergency light part) standard (emergency light part).

92. Inguva yakareba sei yehupenyu hwebasa remabhatiri anogadziriswa anoshandiswa mumafoni asina cord?

Pasi pekushandiswa nguva dzose, hupenyu hwebasa ndeye 2-3 makore kana kupfuura. Kana zvinotevera zvikaitika, bhatiri rinoda kuchinjwa:

01) Mushure mekuchaja, nguva yekutaura ipfupi pane kamwe chete;

02) Chiratidzo chekufona hachina kujeka zvakakwana, mhedzisiro yekugamuchira haina kujeka, uye ruzha rwakanyanya;

03) Chinhambwe pakati pefoni isina tambo uye chigadziko chinoda kunge chichiswedera pedyo; ndiko kuti, huwandu hwemashandisirwo efoni isina tambo huri kuramba huchidzikira.

93. Ndeipi iyo inogona kushandisa rudzi rwebhatiri kumidziyo yekudzora kure?

Inogona chete kushandisa remote control nekuona kuti bhatiri riri munzvimbo yayo yakatarwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezinc-carbon mabhatiri anogona kushandiswa mune mamwe madhizaini ekudzora kure. Iyo IEC yakajairwa mirairo inogona kuvaziva. Mabhatiri anowanzo shandiswa ndeye AAA, AA, uye 9V mabhatiri mahombe. Iri zvakare sarudzo iri nani kushandisa alkaline mabhatiri. Mhando iyi yebhatiri inogona kupa kaviri nguva yekushanda ye zinc-carbon bhatiri. Ivo vanogona zvakare kuzivikanwa neIEC zviyero (LR03, LR6, 6LR61). Nekudaro, nekuti iyo remote control mudziyo inongoda diki ikozvino, zinc-carbon bhatiri ine mari yekushandisa.

Inogona zvakare kushandisa rechargeable sekondari mabhatiri musimboti, asi anoshandiswa mumidziyo yekudzora kure. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwekuzviburitsa kwemabhatiri echipiri inoda kudzokororwa kakawanda, saka rudzi urwu rwebhatiri harushande.

94. Ndeapi marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvebhatiri aripo? Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzekunyorera dzadzinokodzera?

Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dzeNiMH mabhatiri dzinosanganisira asi hadzina kugumira kune:

Mabhasikoro emagetsi, nhare dzisina tambo, matoyi emagetsi, maturusi emagetsi, magetsi ekukurumidzira, midziyo yemumba, zviridzwa, marambi evamigodhi, walkie-talkies.

Nzvimbo dzekushandisa dze lithium-ion mabhatiri anosanganisira asi haana kugumira kune:

Mabhasikoro emagetsi, kuremote control toy mota, mbozhanhare, macomputer enotibhuku, akasiyana siyana nharembozha, madiki disc player, madiki vhidhiyo makamera, digitaalinen makamera, walkie-talkies.

Yechitanhatu, bhatiri, uye nharaunda

95. Chii chinokanganisa bhatiri pane zvakatipoteredza?

Anenge mabhatiri ose nhasi haana mercury, asi heavy metals ichiri chikamu chakakosha che mecury mabhatiri, rechargeable nickel-cadmium mabhatiri, uye lead-asidhi mabhatiri. Kana ikabatwa zvisina kunaka uye muhuwandu hukuru, masimbi anorema aya anokuvadza zvakatipoteredza. Parizvino, kune masangano akasarudzika pasi rose ekudzoreredza manganese oxide, nickel-cadmium, uye lead-asidhi mabhatiri, semuenzaniso, risingaite purofiti sangano reRBRC kambani.

96. Chii chinonzi ambient tembiricha pakuita kwebhatiri?

Pakati pezvinhu zvese zvakatipoteredza, tembiricha ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakuchaja uye kuburitsa kuita kwebhatiri. Iyo electrochemical reaction pa electrode/electrolyte interface inoenderana neambient tembiricha, uye electrode/electrolyte interface inoonekwa semoyo webhatiri. Kana tembiricha ichidonha, chiyero chekuita kwe electrode chinodonhawo. Tichifunga kuti bhatiri voltage inoramba iripo uye kubuda kunoderera, simba rebhatiri rinobudawo richadzikira. Kana tembiricha ikakwira, zvinopesana ndezvechokwadi; bhatiri rinobuda simba richawedzera. Tembiricha inokanganisawo kumhanya kwekufambisa kwe electrolyte. Iyo tembiricha yekukwira inomhanyisa kutapurirana, kudonha kwetembiricha kunodzikisa ruzivo, uye bhatiri kubhadharisa uye kuita kwekuburitsa kuchakanganiswa zvakare. Zvisinei, kana tembiricha yakanyanyisa, inopfuura 45 ° C, ichaparadza chiyero chemakemikari mubhatiri uye inokonzera maitiro emativi.

97. Chii chinonzi bhatiri regirini?

bhatiri rekuchengetedza zvakasvibirira kwezvakatipoteredza zvinoreva rudzi rwechimvuramabwe chepamusoro-soro, chisina kusvibiswa chakashandiswa mumakore achangopfuura kana chiri kuongororwa nekuvandudzwa. Parizvino, simbi hydride nickel mabhatiri, lithium-ion mabhatiri, mercury-isina alkaline zinc-manganese primary mabhatiri, rechargeable mabhatiri anga achishandiswa zvakanyanya, uye lithium kana lithium-ion mabhatiri epurasitiki uye masero emafuta ari kuferefetwa nekuvandudzwa anowira mukati. chikamu ichi. One category. Mukuwedzera, masero ezuva (anozivikanwawo se photovoltaic power generation) akashandiswa zvakanyanya uye anoshandisa simba rezuva rekushandura photoelectric anogonawo kuiswa muchikamu ichi.

Technology Co., Ltd. yakazvipira kutsvagisa nekupa zvakatipoteredza mabhatiri (Ni-MH, Li-ion). Zvigadzirwa zvedu zvinosangana neROTHS zvakajairwa zvinodiwa kubva mukati mebhatiri zvinhu (zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrode) kune ekunze ekurongedza zvinhu.

98. Ndeapi "mabhatiri egirinhi" ari kushandiswa nekutsvagirwa parizvino?

Rudzi rutsva rwebhatiri rakasvibira uye rinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze rinoreva rudzi rwekuita kwepamusoro. Iri bhatiri risingasvibise rakaiswa mukushandiswa kana kuti riri kugadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura. Parizvino, mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, mabhatiri e-metal hydride nickel, uye mabhatiri e-alkaline zinc-manganese asina mercury ave kushandiswa zvakanyanya, pamwe chete ne-lithium-ion mabhatiri epurasitiki, mabhatiri ekupisa, uye electrochemical energy storage supercapacitors ari kugadzirwa zvose. mhando itsva-chikamu chemabhatiri egirinhi. Mukuwedzera, masero ezuva anoshandisa simba rezuva rekushandura photoelectric akashandiswa zvakanyanya.

99. Ko njodzi huru dzemabhatiri akashandiswa dziripi?

Mabhatiri emarara anokuvadza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza uye akanyorwa mune ine njodzi yekudzora marara anonyanya kusanganisira mabhatiri ane mercury, kunyanya mabhatiri emercury oxide; lead-acid mabhatiri: mabhatiri ane cadmium, kunyanya nickel-cadmium mabhatiri. Nekuda kwekuraswa kwemabhatiri emarara, mabhatiri aya anosvibisa ivhu, mvura nekukonzera kukanganisa kuutano hwevanhu nekudya muriwo, hove nezvimwe zvekudya.

100. Ndedzipi nzira dzekuti mabhatiri emarara asvibise nharaunda?

Izvo zvinoumbwa zvemabhatiri akavharirwa mukati mebheti kesi panguva yekushandiswa uye hazvizokanganisa nharaunda. Nekudaro, mushure menguva refu yekupfeka uye ngura, simbi inorema uye acids, uye alkali mukati inobuda kunze, pinda muvhu kana zvitubu zvemvura uye pinda mucheni yekudya kwevanhu kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. Iyo yose nzira inotsanangurwa muchidimbu sezvinotevera: ivhu kana mvura inobva-microorganisms-mhuka-inotenderera huruva-zvirimwa-zvokudya-human body-nerves-deposition uye chirwere. Masimbi anorema anopinzwa kubva kunharaunda nezvimwe zvipenyu zvinogayiwa nemvura zvipenyu zvinogona kuita biomagnification mucheni yechikafu, kuungana muzviuru zvezvipenyu zvepamusoro nhanho nhanho, kupinda mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza nechikafu, uye kuungana mumitezo chaiyo. Kukonzera chepfu chisingaperi.