Indasitiri yebhatiri yeEurope: Makore gumi ekuderera uye nzira yekumutsidzira

"Mota iyi yakagadzirwa muEurope, uye ndinotenda kuti inofanira kushandurwa pano." - Aya mazwi kubva kuna Maroš Šefčovič, wezvematongerwo enyika wekuSlovakia uye Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weEuropean Commission anoona nezveEnergy Union, anoburitsa manzwiro akakosha muEurope maindasitiri.

Kana mabhatiri eEurope akazowana hutungamiriri hwepasi rose, zita raŠefčovič pasina mubvunzo rinozonyorwa munhoroondo. Akatungamira kuumbwa kweEuropean Battery Alliance (EBA), achitangisa kumutsiridza chikamu cheEuropean bhatiri remagetsi.

Muna 2017, pamusangano muBrussels wekuvandudza indasitiri yemabhatiri, Šefčovič akakurudzira kuumbwa kweEBA, danho rakakurudzira kusimba pamwe nekutsunga kweEU.

"Sei 2017 yaive yakakosha? Sei kumisa EBA kwakakosha kuEU?" Mhinduro iri mumutsara wekutanga wechinyorwa ichi: Europe haidi kurasikirwa neiyo "inopa" musika wemotokari yemagetsi.

Muna 2017, mabhatiri makuru matatu epasi rose aive BYD, Panasonic kubva kuJapan, uye CATL kubva kuChina - ese makambani ekuAsia. Kudzvinyirirwa kukuru kubva kuvagadziri vekuAsia vakasiya Europe yakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara muindasitiri yemabhatiri, pasina kana chinhu chekuzviratidza.

Indasitiri yemotokari, yakaberekerwa kuEurope, yaive panguva apo kusaita zvaireva kurega migwagwa yepasi rose ichitongwa nemotokari dzisina kubatana kuEurope.

Dambudziko racho rakanyanya kuoma kana tichifunga nezvekutanga basa reEurope muindasitiri yemotokari. Nekudaro, dunhu rakazviwana rave kumashure zvakanyanya mukuvandudza nekugadzirwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi.

Kuoma Kwedambudziko

Muna 2008, apo pfungwa yesimba idzva yakatanga kubuda, uye munenge muna 2014, apo motokari itsva dzemagetsi dzakatanga "kuputika" kwavo kwekutanga, Europe yakanga isipo zvachose panzvimbo yacho.

Pakazosvika 2015, hutongi hwemakambani eChinese, Japan, neKorea mumusika wepasi rose webhatiri remagetsi hwakaonekwa. Pakazosvika gore ra2016, makambani ekuAsia aya akange atora nzvimbo gumi dzepamusoro muhurongwa hwemabhatiri emagetsi epasi rose.

Kubva muna 2022, maererano neSouth Korean market research femu SNE Research, makambani matanhatu epamusoro gumi epasi rose emagetsi mabhatiri aibva kuChina, akabata 60.4% yemugove wemusika wepasi rose. South Korea simba bhatiri mabhizinesi LG New Energy, SK On, uye Samsung SDI akaverengera 23.7%, neJapan's Panasonic chinzvimbo chechina pa7.3%.

Mumwedzi mipfumbamwe yekutanga ya2023, makambani gumi epamusoro epasi rose ekuisa mabhatiri emagetsi aitongwa neChina, Japan, neKorea, pasina makambani ekuEurope anoonekwa. Izvi zvaireva kuti pamusoro pe90% yemusika wepasi rose webhatiri remagetsi wakakamurwa pakati penyika nhatu idzi dzeAsia.

Europe yaifanira kubvuma kusarira kwayo mukutsvagisa nekugadzirwa kwebhatiri, nzvimbo yayaimbotungamira.

Kudonha Zvishoma Nezvishoma Kumashure

Iko kuvandudza uye kubudirira mu lithium bhatiri tekinoroji kazhinji kwakatanga mumayunivhesiti ekuMadokero nemasangano ekutsvagisa. Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, nyika dzekuMadokero dzakatungamira fungu rekutanga rekutsvagisa uye maindasitiri emotokari dzemagetsi matsva.

Europe yaive pakati pekutanga kuongorora marongero emotokari dzinoshanda nesimba uye dzakaderera-emission, kuunza mota dzekabhoni emission standard kutanga 1998.

Pasinei nekuve pamberi pemafungiro matsva emagetsi, Europe yakanonoka mukugadzirwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi, zvino anotongwa neChina, Japan, neKorea. Mubvunzo unomuka: nei Europe yakawira kumashure muindasitiri ye lithium bhatiri, kunyangwe zvakanakira tekinoroji uye capital?

Mikana Yakarasika

Gore ra2007 risati rasvika, vagadziri vemotokari vekuMadokero havana kubvuma hunyanzvi uye hwekutengesa hwemagetsi e-lithium-ion mota dzemagetsi. Vagadziri vekuEurope, vachitungamirwa neGermany, vakatarisa kukwenenzvera echinyakare einjini dzekupisa mukati, senge injini dzedhiziri dzinoshanda uye tekinoroji yeturbocharging.

Kunyanya kuvimba nenzira yemotokari yemafuta kwakatungamira Europe pasi nenzira isiriyo yehunyanzvi, zvichikonzera kusavapo kwayo mumunda webhatiri remagetsi.

Musika uye Innovation Dynamics

Pakazosvika 2008, hurumende yeUS payakachinja hurongwa hwayo hutsva hwemotokari yemagetsi kubva kuhydrogen uye masero emafuta kuenda kumabhatiri e-lithium-ion, iyo EU, yakafurirwa nedanho iri, yakaonawo kuwedzera kwekudyara mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvebhatiri nekugadzira masero. Nekudaro, mazhinji mabhizinesi akadai, kusanganisira mubatanidzwa pakati peGermany Bosch neSouth Korea Samsung SDI, akazokundikana.

Mukupesana, nyika dzeEast Asia dzakaita seChina, Japan, neKorea dzakanga dzichikurumidza kuvandudza maindasitiri emabhatiri emagetsi. Panasonic, semuenzaniso, yanga ichitarisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion emotokari dzemagetsi kubva kuma1990, achibatana naTesla uye kuita mutambi mukuru mumusika.

Matambudziko Azvino EEurope

Nhasi, indasitiri yebhatiri yemagetsi yeEurope yakatarisana nekukanganisa kwakati wandei, kusanganisira kushaikwa kwekupihwa kwezvinhu. Mitemo yekondinendi yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza inorambidza migodhi yelithium, uye zviwanikwa zve lithium zviri kushomeka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Europe inononoka mukuchengetedza kodzero dzekuchera mhiri kwemakungwa zvichienzaniswa nevamwe vayo vekuAsia.

Mujaho Wokubata

Zvisinei nekutonga kwemakambani ekuAsia mumusika wemabhatiri wepasi rose, Europe iri kuita zvakabatana kuyedza kumutsiridza indasitiri yayo yemabhatiri. European Battery Alliance (EBA) yakavambwa kuti isimudzire kugadzirwa kwemuno, uye EU yakaisa mirau mitsva yekutsigira vanogadzira mabhatiri epamba.

Traditional Automakers muFray

Hofori dzemotokari dzeEurope dzakaita seVolkswagen, BMW, uye Mercedes-Benz vari kuisa mari yakawanda mukutsvagisa bhatiri nekugadzira, vachigadzira zvidyarwa zvavo zvekugadzira masero uye nzira dzebhatiri.

Mugwagwa Wakareba Uri Mberi

Zvisinei nekufambira mberi, chikamu cheEurope chebhatiri chemagetsi chichine nzira refu yekuenda. Indasitiri iyi inoshanda nesimba uye inoda mari yakakura uye tekinoroji mari. Kudhura kwevashandi kweEurope nekushaikwa kwecheni yakakwana yekugovera zvinounza matambudziko akakura.

Kusiyana neizvi, nyika dzeAsia dzakavaka mukana wekukwikwidza mukugadzira bhatiri remagetsi, dzichibatsirwa kubva mukudyara kwekutanga muLithium-ion tekinoroji uye yakaderera mutengo wevashandi.

mhedziso

Chishuvo cheEurope chekuvandudza indasitiri yayo yemabhatiri emagetsi inotarisana nezvipingaidzo zvakakura. Kunyange paine zvirongwa uye mabhindauko aripo, kutyora hutongi hwe "matatu makuru" - China, Japan, neKorea - mumusika wepasi rose rinoramba riri dambudziko guru.